坎格列净减少心血管事件,增加截肢风险——CANVAS研究结果公布

2017-06-15 郭艺芳 郭艺芳心前沿

CANVAS研究结果的公布,将2017年ADA年会的气氛推向高潮。一如预期,该研究结果显示,新型降糖药物SGLT-2抑制剂坎格列净治疗可以显着降低受试者主要复合心血管终点事件发生率。然而,本研究同时发现该药明显增加了截肢风险。



CANVAS研究结果的公布,将2017年ADA年会的气氛推向高潮。一如预期,该研究结果显示,新型降糖药物SGLT-2抑制剂坎格列净治疗可以显着降低受试者主要复合心血管终点事件发生率。然而,本研究同时发现该药明显增加了截肢风险。

该研究共纳入4330例确诊心血管疾病或具有心血管事件高危因素的2型糖尿病患者(约三分之二确诊心血管病,其余患者仅有心血管危险因素。EMPA-REG研究与LEADER研究)所纳入患者均为确诊心血管疾病者),按照1:1:1的比例将其随机分为3组,在常规治疗基础上分别接受坎格列净(100mg,QD)、坎格列净(300mg,QD)或安慰剂治疗,主要终点为由心血管死亡、非致死性心梗和非致死性卒中组成的复合终点。本研究始于2009年12月,原计划随访9年,因主要终点事件数量已具有足够统计学效能,故于近期提前终止。实际随访时间平均188周。结果显示,与安慰剂组相比,坎格列净治疗组受试者主要复合终点事件发生率降低14%(95%CI:0.75-0.97),全因死亡率降低13%(95%CI:0.74-1.01),心血管死亡率降低13%(95%CI:0.72-1.06),因心衰住院率降低33%(95%CI:0.52-0.87),蛋白尿加重或复合肾脏终点事件发生率分别降低27%与40%,均达到统计学显着性差异。值得注意的是,坎格列净治疗组患者截肢发生率较安慰剂组增高97%(95%CI:1.41-2.75)。截肢最常见于足趾与跖骨水平。

这是一个让人欢喜让人忧的结果。首先,继EMPA-REG研究之后,CANVAS研究再一次证实SGLT-2抑制剂能够显着降低心血管高危的2型糖尿病患者的心血管事件风险,强烈提示其心血管保护作用是此类药物的类效应,进一步夯实了SGLT-2抑制剂的临床地位。除了恩格列净与坎格列净外,这一研究结果也为达格列净的推广应用展示了良好前景。然而,本研究中受试者截肢风险显着升高,应该引起高度关注。今年5月份,基于当时所拥有的资料,美国FDA就已要求坎格列净添加增加截肢风险的黑框警告。CANVAS研究不仅未能自证清白,反而坐实了这一不良反应,这将对其推广应用形成很大障碍。出于对于截肢的顾虑,很多医生或患者可能拒绝应用该药。基于现有关于SGLT-2抑制剂的研究信息,我们有理由推测增加截肢风险可能是坎格列净本身所具有的不良反应,而非类效应,因而这一研究结果从另一侧面为恩格列净与达格列净提供了有利的支持。

对于本研究数据尚有待深入分析,但无论如何,近年来先后完成的EMPA-REG、LEADER、SUSTAIN-6、CANVAS研究先后证实SGLT-2抑制剂与GLP-1激动剂在有效降糖的同时可以降低心血管事件风险,打破了多年以来降糖治疗领域的窘境,为糖尿病并发症的防治提供了新思路、新手段。这些新的研究结果必将对临床实践产生深远影响,糖尿病的药物治疗正在逐渐步入新时代。

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一项为期2年(104周)有关canagliflozin的III期研究(DIA3010)数据近日公布,该研究在接受当前降糖疗法但仍控制不佳的55-80岁2型糖尿病(T2D)老年群体中开展,评估了canagliflozin(坎格列净,商品名INVOKANA) 的长期疗效。数据显示,100mg和300mg剂量坎格列净相对于安慰剂使血糖水平(糖化血红蛋白,HA1c)取得了更大幅度的降低 (-0.49%