REMD:多囊卵巢综合征与新冠肺炎感染风险的研究

2022-03-11 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

冠状病毒病2019年(新冠肺炎)于2020年3月被宣布为大流行。据报道,妇女和年轻人受到的影响较小。

   冠状病毒病2019年(新冠肺炎)于2020年3月被宣布为大流行。据报道,妇女和年轻人受到的影响较小。合并有激素异常、糖尿病、肥胖、动脉高血压和血脂异常等并发症的患者,新冠肺炎可能更严重,死亡率更高。在内分泌疾病中,高雄激素血症、肾上腺功能不全和甲状腺功能亢进可能促进感染的发生,并与更严重的疾病临床形式相关。多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)在5%-20%的育龄妇女中被诊断出来,其特征是高雄激素血症(70%-80%),常伴有肥胖(29%-70%)、糖耐量异常(30%-40%)、胰岛素抵抗(18%-48%)、糖尿病(4%-26%)、血脂异常(70%-75%)、动脉高血压(5%-25%)、非酒精性脂肪肝。轻度慢性炎症(20%-27%)。多囊卵巢综合征的这种临床和实验室表现是严重新冠肺炎的主要风险。由于多囊卵巢综合征是育龄妇女最常见的内分泌疾病之一,经常与更严重的新冠肺炎的高风险相关,因此本文综述了该课题的最新知识。还考虑了阐明不同PCOS表型之间这种关联机制的必要性。

   这篇叙述性综述旨在确定新冠肺炎严重程度、多囊卵巢综合征表型和相关合并症之间的可能联系。我们找出了过去两年中最相关的英文出版物。我们搜索了PubMed、Web of Science和Google Scholar,以确定从2019年12月到2021年11月的研究。通过从获得的文章中检索书目引用,扩大了搜索范围。收录的主题词包括:多囊卵巢综合征与SARS冠状病毒、多囊卵巢综合征与新冠肺炎、肥胖与新冠肺炎、高雄激素血症与新冠肺炎、胰岛素抵抗与新冠肺炎、血脂异常与新冠肺炎。

   在一般人群中,新冠肺炎在血脂异常、肥胖、糖尿病和动脉高血压患者中更为严重。因为这些情况通常与多囊卵巢综合征相关,所以推测患有多囊卵巢综合征的妇女患新冠肺炎和出现更严重的临床表现的风险更高。这一假设在几项流行病学研究中得到了证实。目前的审查显示,患有多囊卵巢综合征的妇女在所有年龄段感染SARS-CoV-2病毒的风险都要高出28%-50%,在这些妇女中,新冠肺炎与住院率、发病率和死亡率的增加有关。在育龄妇女中,多囊卵巢综合征的患病率从5%到20%不等,这取决于年龄、种族和用于诊断的标准。目前推荐使用鹿特丹标准,并对多囊卵巢综合征表型进行细分。根据超声检查有无高雄激素血症、少/无排卵、闭经和多囊卵巢形态(PCOM),PCOS妇女有四种表型。这些表型可能与不同比例的合并症有关,如肥胖(38%-88%)、动脉高血压(5%-25%)、糖耐量异常(30%-40%)、胰岛素抵抗(30%-70%)、血脂异常(70%-75%)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(24%-55%)和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(44%)。然而,PCOS最重要的临床特征是高雄激素血症、内脏肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。

表1有多囊卵巢综合征和无多囊卵巢综合征的妇女中增加新冠肺炎病风险的可比性合并症

图2多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血浆肾素水平升高,肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)过度激活,导致AngⅡ含量升高。过量的AngⅡ导致ACE2与血管紧张素受体1 AT1R(AT1R)解离并与AT1R结合。血管紧张素II与AT1R结合导致血管收缩、血管通透性增加、肺水肿和急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)。当ACE2与AT1R分离时(用红色虚线箭头表示),它增加了SARS-CoV-2进入肺细胞的入口点。雄激素诱导PCOS中TMPRSS2的过度表达也可能促进病毒感染,因为雄激素水平较高。与ACE2结合后,SARS-CoV-2-ACE2复合物内化,并在细胞内经历ACE2的蛋白酶体降解。这可能是导致肺细胞内ACE2水平降低的原因。高水平的血管紧张素Ⅱ还刺激肾上腺增加醛固酮水平,进而降低钾和增加钠水平,最终导致血压升高。综上所述,这些机制可能会导致COVID-19感染的患有多囊卵巢综合征的妇女出现严重后果(来自Moin等人。

图3推测了多囊卵巢综合征患者SARS-CoV-2感染增加和临床预后恶化的机制。在PCOS中,升高的雄激素上调SARS-CoV-2受体ACE2,并修饰宿主蛋白酶以增加SARS-CoV-2病毒进入组织。向上箭头表示增加

   我们总结了多囊卵巢综合征妇女新冠肺炎感染的高风险机制,特别是在碳水化合物和脂质代谢异常、高雄激素血症和中心性肥胖的妇女中。

原文出处:de Medeiros SF,  Yamamoto MMW,  de Medeiros MAS,et al.Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review : PCOS and COVID-19 relationship.Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022 Feb 26

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    2023-02-04 zhwj
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    2023-02-14 tongyongming
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    2022-03-11 ms6903418467290158

    啊?多囊卵巢竟然与新冠有关?

    0

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