J Am Heart Assoc:急诊血管成形术后AKI 造影剂是罪魁祸首?

2017-08-07 何娜 环球医学资讯 发表于加利福尼亚

与接受择期干预的患者相比,接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(pPCI)的患者被认为具有造影剂(CM)诱导的急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的较高风险,但pPCI后肾功能的恶化也可能是由于多种其他因素导致。2017年6月,发表在《J Am Heart Assoc.》的一项研究调查了造影剂暴露和pPCI后AKI发生率之间的因果关系。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点—— 背景:pPCI后急性

与接受择期干预的患者相比,接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(pPCI)的患者被认为具有造影剂(CM)诱导的急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)的较高风险,但pPCI后肾功能的恶化也可能是由于多种其他因素导致。2017年6月,发表在《J Am Heart Assoc.》的一项研究调查了造影剂暴露和pPCI后AKI发生率之间的因果关系。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——
背景:pPCI后急性肾损伤(AKI)常被认为是造影剂诱导的AKI造成的,但是也可能由其他原因造成。研究人员旨在使用倾向得分匹配的ST段抬高心肌梗死患者的对照组(未暴露于造影剂),确定造影剂暴露和pPCI后AKI发生率之间的因果关系。

方法和结果:研究人员研究了2025名行pPCI的ST段抬高心肌梗死患者和1025名接受纤维蛋白溶解治疗或无再灌注且入院首个72小时期间未暴露于造影剂的患者(对照组)。AKI的定义为肌酐72小时内升高≥0.5mg/dL或>25%。pPCI组和对照组的AKI发生率相似(10.3% vs 12.1%;P=0.38)。倾向得分匹配产生了931个PCI和非PCI匹配对,且平衡了基线协变量(标准差<0.1)。倾向得分匹配患者中,AKI发生率在行PCI和未行PCI间无显着差异(8.6% vs 10.9%;P=0.12)。pPCI队列中,AKI的独立预测因素包括年龄≥70岁、接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病、利尿剂治疗、前壁梗死、基线时的估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、与心脏收缩力衰竭(高Killip分级,使用内‐主动脉内球囊泵)和左心射血分数降低相关的变量,而与造影剂暴露剂量不相关。基于PCI队列的风险评分,在对照组中具有相似的AKI鉴别能力(C统计值,0.81±0.02和0.78±0.02;P=0.26)。

结论:经行pPCI的ST段抬高心肌梗死患者中,AKI的进展主要与高龄、基线eGFR、心衰、血流动力学不稳定相关。ST段抬高心肌梗死患者中,无论是否造影剂暴露,AKI的风险都相似。
多学科讨论记实:

在本研究中,pPCI后STEMI患者AKI的进展主要与年龄、基线eGFR、心衰和血液动力学不稳定有关。较高的造影剂剂量与较高的AKI或死亡率无关。STEMI患者中,无论是否造影剂暴露,AKI的风险是相似的。

该研究也存在一些局限性。选择偏倚是观察性、非随机研究的固有问题。一些患者在pPCI和溶栓治疗均可接受的再灌注策略期间被招募。因此,与年龄、基线肾功能、梗死位置和血液动力学状态相关的治疗偏倚可能影响执行pPCI的决定,导致由造影剂和非造影剂组之间的AKI诱发合并症引起的异质性。使用倾向得分匹配不能完全纠正这些不平衡,因此,结果应该被视为只有探索性和假设生成。

因为本研究中的所有患者都接受了急诊PCI,所以不能给予协议定义的术前或术后水化。研究中没有量化总流体体积和净流体平衡。没有心衰的患者可能已经更好地水化,导致AKI的发生率降低,尽管最近的研究挑战了水化作用防止CI-AKI的能力。

专家点评:与造影剂相关肾损伤相关的另外一个研究比较火的问题是造影剂相关肾损伤能否被预防,常见的干预措施有水化、碱化等,但造影剂能引起AKI是预防是否有效的前提.

原始出处:
Caspi O, Habib M, Cohen Y, et al.Acute Kidney Injury After Primary Angioplasty: Is Contrast-Induced Nephropathy the Culprit.J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Jun 24;6(6). pii: e005715. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005715.

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    2017-08-09 zhaojie88
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    2017-08-09 sodoo
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    2017-08-09 slcumt
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    2017-08-07 hhh678

    henhao

    0

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