探访分娩镇痛试点医院:麻醉医生短缺仍是无奈

2019-05-13 张尼 中国新闻网

十月怀胎,一朝分娩。生育是每个女性成为母亲前必须经历的一道关卡,但自然分娩带来的痛苦对于绝大部分女性来说都是身心折磨。今年,第一批国家分娩镇痛试点医院名单公布后,让不少准妈妈们看到了“曙光”。分娩镇痛究竟给产妇带来了何种体验?医疗机构开展工作时又面临着哪些障碍?近期,记者走进了试点医院,进行实地探访。有试点医院分娩镇痛开展比例超45%“以前从没有过比阵痛更疼的体验,身心受到双重压力,但是打上‘

十月怀胎,一朝分娩。生育是每个女性成为母亲前必须经历的一道关卡,但自然分娩带来的痛苦对于绝大部分女性来说都是身心折磨。

今年,第一批国家分娩镇痛试点医院名单公布后,让不少准妈妈们看到了“曙光”。分娩镇痛究竟给产妇带来了何种体验?医疗机构开展工作时又面临着哪些障碍?近期,记者走进了试点医院,进行实地探访。

有试点医院分娩镇痛开展比例超45%

“以前从没有过比阵痛更疼的体验,身心受到双重压力,但是打上‘无痛’以后,疼痛缓解了很多,整个产程也缩短了。”在北京医院通过自然分娩生下宝宝的安女士向记者讲述了自己的感受。

今年3月,第一批国家分娩镇痛试点医院名单对外公布,北京医院就是这913家试点医院之一。

“医学上通常把疼痛分为十级,烧伤疼痛是最高级,分娩介于九级与十级之间,很多人因为这种疼痛崩溃。所以,无痛分娩从人文关怀的角度讲是非常好的方式。”北京医院产科主任王少为介绍说。

他介绍,目前分娩镇痛主要是椎管内麻醉,没有椎管内麻醉禁忌症的产妇都可以选择。但所谓“无痛”并非完全没有感觉,而是通过麻醉把疼痛等级降到4级以下。

“实施镇痛后,产妇依然能感知,但可以比较安静的睡眠,我们希望达到不影响产程和自主运动,同时产妇又能耐受的程度。”王少为解释。

记者在走访过程中了解到,北京医院是国内开展分娩镇痛较早的医院之一。医院从2004年左右就已经开始开展分娩镇痛,目前实施分娩镇痛的产妇占到了经阴道分娩产妇的45%-60%,这个比例要远高于国内抽样调查的平均水平。

不过在王少为看来,这一比例相较于一些欧美国家仍有很大的提升空间:“目前分娩镇痛用得最好的国家是英国,比例达到85%到90%,我们还有比较大的差距。”

医生的无奈:人力短缺问题仍在

“这些年我们做分娩镇痛的频率明显提升了,过去一周才会实施一两例,现在几乎每天都有一两例。”北京医院手术麻醉科主治医师李伟讲述了自己近年来的工作体验。

不过作为综合三甲医院的麻醉医生,他和同事们面临的最大挑战还是人手不足。

“目前的人力配备是2名值班麻醉医生负责全院的所有急诊,在时间允许的情况下才能抽出空去为产妇做镇痛,工作量非常大。”李伟说。

由于产妇分娩时间是不可预知的,麻醉医生没办法全天“待命”,通常遇到同时有其他急诊手术时, 麻醉医生就优先处理危重症患者了。

从医学角度讲,打“无痛”的最佳时机是产妇刚进入临产状态时,但李伟经常遇到的情况是,等在急诊忙完再去产科时,发现产妇宫口已经开五六指了,这个时候再打“无痛”产妇已经享受不了多久就会生产,所以通常不会再为其实施镇痛。

“由于规范的分娩镇痛需要一名麻醉医生加一名护士共同配合,产房护士的人力不足也是分娩镇痛实施难的一个原因。”李伟说。

这一现象在不少公立医院都十分普遍,根据《2017中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》数据,2016年中国约有7.66万麻醉执业(助理)医师,每万人拥有的麻醉医生仅为0.5人。据业内人士测算,目前国内麻醉医生缺口约30万人。

绕不开的问题:收费标准的制定

除了人力因素的制约,科普宣教不到位、收费标准的欠缺也是分娩镇痛开展中遇到的难题。

记者走访过程中了解到,目前椎管内麻醉分娩镇痛没有统一明确的收费标准,公立医院现行的收费标准一般是参照椎管内麻醉和术后止疼的收费标准执行。

这样一来,部分人力成本就没有包含在内,导致很多医院不得不面对赔本为产妇做镇痛的无奈处境。

这一问题也受到了业内专家的关注。中国医师协会会长张雁灵此前就曾强调,在推广分娩镇痛试点工作的同时,收费标准的制定是一个绕不开的问题。

他认为,怎样既能调动麻醉科、妇产科人员的积极性,又同时兼顾不同地区的实际发展情况,是各方需要共同探讨的话题。

而在中国医师协会分娩镇痛专家工作委员会主任委员米卫东看来,中国的分娩镇痛比例与欧美等发达国家相比还存在一定差距,各分娩镇痛试点医院的相关价格应体现这项工作的劳动价值,在规范培训和把控质量的基础上,切实把分娩镇痛试点工作做好。

人才培养、政策支持必不可少

按照国家卫健委2018年下发的通知,2018年到2020年要在全国范围内遴选一定数量的医院开展分娩镇痛诊疗试点工作。

通知专门提出,医院应当为分娩镇痛工作提供必要的支持,包括人员、设备设施和必要的政策支持,调动医务人员开展分娩镇痛工作的积极性。

另一方面,在医保报销政策上,分娩镇痛也有望获得支持。国家卫健委在试点方案中要求各级卫生健康部门积极协调相关部门,为试点提供医保报销等政策支持。

进入试点的医院也正在朝着这一方向努力。

“除了做好产前宣教,我们也努力增加了人力配备。”北京医院产科护士长魏涛告诉记者。

魏涛说,考虑到做完镇痛以后还有很多后续的护理工作要做,而助产士又比较稀缺,科室在人力方面进行了加配,培训了一些转岗人员,目的是更好地配合工作。同时,产房也加大了人文关怀服务。

“除了在孕教课加大宣传力度外,我们也把产房做了适当的改造。另外,为了解决人力问题,麻醉科和产科也在共同探索从绩效上协调,给予分娩镇痛一些倾斜,提高大家的积极性。”王少为介绍说。

不过,在这位专家看来,今后想在全国层面推广这项工作,人才培养、国家政策的倾斜与支持仍然必不可少。

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    2019-05-15 linlin2312
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    2019-05-15 zhaojie88
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    2019-05-15 liuxiaona

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