阿片类物质使用相关障碍诊断治疗原则发布

2017-12-09 孙梦 健康报

近日,国家卫生计生委网站发出《阿片类物质使用相关障碍诊断治疗指导原则》,规范和统一了诊断标准和方法,增加了药物维持治疗和防复发治疗干预的内容。

近日,国家卫生计生委网站发出《阿片类物质使用相关障碍诊断治疗指导原则》,规范和统一了诊断标准和方法,增加了药物维持治疗和防复发治疗干预的内容。

常见的阿片类物质有鸦片、吗啡、海洛因、美沙酮、丁丙诺啡、哌替啶和芬太尼等,均具有镇痛、镇静、改变心境(如欣快)、镇咳及呼吸抑制等药理、毒理作用。反复使用阿片类物质可出现耐受性、依赖综合征、戒断综合征等物质使用相关障碍。

为规范阿片类物质使用相关障碍的诊断治疗工作,原卫生部于1993年发布了《阿片类成瘾常用戒毒疗法的指导原则》,并于2009年9月进行修订,修订后的名称为《阿片类药物依赖诊断治疗指导原则》。

随着戒毒医疗技术的不断发展和新的戒毒理念的问世,《指导原则》已经不能满足戒毒医疗工作的需要,为此国家卫生计生委组织专家对《指导原则》进行了修订,并更名为《阿片类物质使用相关障碍诊断治疗指导原则》。

新《指导原则》明确,戒毒治疗后反复复发的阿片依赖个体应进行社区药物维持治疗。主要方法包括:美沙酮维持治疗、丁丙诺啡(复方丁丙诺啡)维持治疗。药物维持治疗并非是单纯服用替代药物,而是包括患者管理、医疗干预、心理/行为干预和社会支持等综合干预方法。《指导原则》具体罗列了两种药物的用法,以及互换与停药的条件和方法。

新《指导原则》还指出,药物防复发治疗的机制,一是通过阻断阿片类物质的正性强化作用,抑制患者因反复用药而复发;二是通过缓解应激反应和治疗相关精神障碍即共病,避免患者再次使用阿片类物质。药物防复发治疗包括纳曲酮防复发治疗和精神科药物对症治疗。

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    2017-12-11 lhlxtx
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    2017-12-10 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

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    2017-12-10 飛歌

    学习了很有用

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