CORR评论:内固定半髋置换治疗股骨颈骨折疗效研究

2014-02-18 佚名 丁香园

股骨颈骨折的治疗选择非常困难,内固定还是关节置换各有利弊,为比较内固定和关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效,挪威的 St en教授进行了一项长达6年的随机对照研究,结果发表在2014年1月CORR杂志上(CORR:内固定和半髋治疗股骨颈骨折长期疗效无差异),瑞典隆德大学骨科的Rogmark教授对此文进行了评论,现编译如下: 现在处理股骨颈骨折的方法? 对移位型股骨颈骨折选择合适的治疗方法

股骨颈骨折的治疗选择非常困难,内固定还是关节置换各有利弊,为比较内固定和关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效,挪威的 St en教授进行了一项长达6年的随机对照研究,结果发表在2014年1月CORR杂志上(CORR:内固定和半髋治疗股骨颈骨折长期疗效无差异),瑞典隆德大学骨科的Rogmark教授对此文进行了评论,现编译如下:

现在处理股骨颈骨折的方法?

对移位型股骨颈骨折选择合适的治疗方法是非常困难的,既要考虑骨折的愈合能力又要顾及患者对手术的承受能力。内固定治疗属于微创操作,手术创伤较小,但存在40%-50%的治疗失败率,在本次研究中,术后6年时内固定组31例患者中只有12例最终未再次手术。

而关节置换手术,使用人工假体可避免骨折愈合的相关问题,降低患者的围手术期风险。一项最新的随机对照mata分析显示,关节置换至少在短期内可减轻患者疼痛、降低髋部相关并发症、促进功能恢复、提高健康生活质量,具有更好的成本效益。

但是,另外一项调查了12313例患者的全国性研究则发现:半髋置换患者的死亡率要高于内固定。在很多时候,权衡使用髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的优势及其风险成为一个伦理问题。

目前,骨科界认为关节置换对“典型的股骨颈骨折患者”有利(通常为80岁以上的女性骨质疏松患者)。根据目前本次研究,在接受手术数年后,半髋置换相对内固定的治疗优势会逐渐减弱。但是,只有48%的女性和31%的男性髋部骨折患者术后可以生存超过5年,因此,对于大多数的患者而言,短期疗效才是最为重要的。

股骨颈骨折的治疗方向

St en及其同事认为除了增加手术创伤以外,关节置换手术还存在假体周围骨折、无菌性松动等远期并发症。出于这种担心,应该对使用关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的患者最低年龄进行限制。对预计生存时间较长的患者应选用内固定治疗以避免进行二次关节翻修手术。

而假如和本次研究一样,远期的关节置换并发症风险并不大,那么就可以考虑对年龄50岁至65岁的股骨颈骨折患者使用全髋关节置换作为初次手术治疗方法。毕竟,在治疗同样年龄段骨性关节患者时就选用了关节置换。

另外一个需要解决的问题是提高围手术期处理水平,进一步减少患者的并发症和死亡率。如果围手术期处理得当,那么百岁老人或者危重病人也可以考虑使用关节置换治疗,而内固定或非手术治疗是此类患者的传统治疗方法。

最后,选择使用哪种关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折仍存在争议,全髋还是半髋?骨水泥还是非骨水泥?不同国家地区的治疗选择也不一样,而这种差异将会对临床研究和日常工作造成影响。

对于股骨颈骨折如何做的更好

像Støen等人此次进行的随机对照长期随访研究可作为选择治疗方案的金标准。除此之外,还有4项随访时间在7-17年的随机对照股骨颈骨折临床研究,都表明和内固定治疗相比,全髋置换可取得更可靠的疗效。如果想要了解关节置换和内固定治疗之间的更多细微差别,则需要进行更多人群数量的临床研究,通过国家登记中心的统计资料可以帮助进行类似研究。

和老年髋部骨折相比,年轻人的股骨颈骨折则相对较少,但也应使用随机对照长期随访进行研究。关注患者的临床结果,可以增加临床相关知识,帮助骨科医生选择安全有效成本效益高的方法治疗髋部骨折。

原始出处:

Rogmark C.CORR Insights ®: Randomized trial of hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation for femoral neck fractures: no differences at 6 years.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Jan;472(1):368-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3296-9. Epub 2013 Sep 26.

相关阅读:

CORR:内固定和半髋治疗股骨颈骨折长期疗效无差异

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    2014-08-19 yxch48
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    2014-02-20 psybestwish

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