CSE 2014:二甲双胍临床应用中国专家共识发表

2014-09-03 MedSci 中华医学会内分泌学会分会

二甲双胍自1957年问世,应用于临床已有50多年的历史,是当前全球应用最广泛的口服降糖药之一。近年来,虽然有多个新型降糖药物上市,但二甲双胍仍是在全球使用量迅速增加的经典口服降糖药物。二甲双胍具有良好的单药/联合治疗的疗效和安全性证据,以及良好的卫生经济学效益证据。无论对于血糖控制,还是糖尿病心血管并发症的预防,二甲双胍都有明确的临床证据。因此,二甲双胍已经成为全球控制糖尿病的核心药物。然而,在临

二甲双胍自1957年问世,应用于临床已有50多年的历史,是当前全球应用最广泛的口服降糖药之一。近年来,虽然有多个新型降糖药物上市,但二甲双胍仍是在全球使用量迅速增加的经典口服降糖药物。二甲双胍具有良好的单药/联合治疗的疗效和安全性证据,以及良好的卫生经济学效益证据。无论对于血糖控制,还是糖尿病心血管并发症的预防,二甲双胍都有明确的临床证据。因此,二甲双胍已经成为全球控制糖尿病的核心药物。

然而,在临床实际工作中,仍有部分临床医生和患者对二甲双胍的使用(有效性、剂量、用法、安全性、疗效与体重的关系等)存在认识误区。例如:因担心胃肠道反应未能发挥二甲双胍的剂量优势;因担心二甲双胍损害肝肾功能和引起乳酸酸中毒等,使一些原本可从二甲双胍治疗中获益的患者错失治疗良机。

为此,多位内分泌临床专家、药学专家共同参与制订了《二甲双胍临床应用专家共识》,以指导临床医生和患者正确认识并合理使用二甲双胍。本共识在中华医学会、中华医学会内分泌学分会主办的“第十三次全国内分泌学学术会议(CSE2014)”上首次发布,并将于2014年8月在《中国糖尿病杂志》、《药品评价》杂志同时刊登。

共识内容介绍

临床地位与使用时机

二甲双胍具有可靠的短期和长期降糖疗效,单独使用有效降低2型糖尿病患者的空腹血糖、餐后血糖。同时二甲双胍是第一个被证明能预防糖尿病或延缓糖尿病发生的药物。二甲双胍能有效地降低糖尿病前期人群发生2型糖尿病的风险,且具有良好的耐受性和长期的有效性。但在我国预防糖尿病尚不是二甲双胍的适应证。

临床用药的安全性


1、肾功能障碍达到以下情况则禁用:血清肌酐水平≥1.5mg/dl(132μmmol/L)(男性),≥1.4mg/dl (124μmmol/L)(女性),或eGFR<45ml/(min•1.73m2);

2、需要药物治疗的充血性心衰和其他严重心、肺疾患;

3、严重感染和外伤、外科大手术、临床有低血压和缺氧等;

4、已知对盐酸二甲双胍过敏;

5、急性或慢性代谢性酸中毒,包括有或无昏迷的糖尿病酮症酸中毒;

6、酗酒者;

7、接受血管内注射碘化对比剂者,应暂时停用;

8、维生素B12、叶酸缺乏未纠正者。

用药的降糖外益处

1、心血管保护作用:

二甲双胍通过有效改善糖尿病和非糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗,降低基础和负荷后胰岛素水平,起到直接或间接的心血管保护作用(I级)。

2、改善血脂:

二甲双胍能够改善脂肪的合成与代谢。多项研究显示:二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病患者,可显著降低患者血浆TG、LDL-C及TC水平,但对HDL-C改变不明显。

3、对NAFLD改善作用:

有14项临床研究评价了二甲双胍对NAFLD患者肝脏组织学、血清酶学和胰岛素抵抗等指标的改善情况。所有研究均显示胰岛素抵抗指数明显改善,13项研究显示血清酶学(谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶)明显下降;5项研究显示二甲双胍对肝脏炎症、脂肪变性和纤维化有显著改善。

4、对肿瘤抑制作用:

多项研究显示,二甲双胍可激活AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)通路。而AMPK通路的激活除了影响代谢外,也可能抑制肿瘤的发生和发展。




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    2015-04-11 x35042875

    糖尿病肾病进展风险的关系没有发现。

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    2015-01-05 仁医06
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    2014-09-07 121.16.52.185

    对肝脏功能不全的禁忌症没有涉及的原因是什么

    0

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