Diabetologia:Ppy系细胞的特性阐明了小鼠胰岛β细胞的功能异质性

2021-11-25 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

朗格汉斯胰岛由α细胞、β细胞和δ细胞和第四类胰岛细胞组成,即胰多肽(PP)细胞。PP细胞位于胰岛外围,分泌由Ppy基因编码的PP。

朗格汉斯胰岛由α细胞、β细胞和δ细胞和第四类胰岛细胞组成,即胰多肽(PP)细胞。PP细胞位于胰岛外围,分泌由Ppy基因编码的PP。PP是神经肽Y(NPY)家族的成员,该家族还包括YY(PYY)和NPY,参与食欲调节。然而,这些肽的确切生理功能,包括它们在葡萄糖稳态中的作用仍然知之甚少。先前的一项研究表明,白喉毒素(DT)诱导的Ppy系细胞的消融对于相当一部分内分泌细胞的分化是必不可少的。然而,由于现有的PP抗体缺乏特异性和所使用的Ppy启动子的保真性,Ppy系细胞的确切作用尚未阐明。

β细胞衰竭是2型糖尿病的主要标志,据报道,在成熟的β细胞中,胰腺和十二指肠同源盒1(由Pdx1编码)的失活会导致β细胞特性的丧失和体内β到α细胞的转换。此外,Pdx1基因剂量因其进化上保守的增强子区域杂合缺失而减少,这不仅导致成年小鼠胰岛中α细胞的数量增加,也导致PP细胞的数量增加,同时β细胞发育不足。在另一份报告中,Rip-Cre介导的小鼠Abcc8基因缺失导致细胞内Ca2+浓度持续增加,而β细胞则转换为PP细胞。这些发现表明,不健康的β细胞不仅可能转化为α细胞,而且还可能转化为PP细胞。

以往的报道强调了β细胞的功能异质性。这些报告中有许多特别关注不成熟的细胞群。例如,他们描述了位于胰岛周围的不成熟β细胞,称为“原始β细胞”,以及低GLUT2表达的不成熟β细胞,这些细胞具有强大的增殖潜能,并能抵抗链唑霉素(STZ)诱导的细胞毒性。其他报道描述了Wnt信号调节Fltp(也称为Cfap126)阳性的β细胞或NPY阳性未成熟的β细胞。在糖尿病治疗领域,从功能和可塑性的角度研究β细胞亚群的特征对于进一步鉴定具有强大再生潜力的β细胞来源尤其重要。本研究的目的是探讨Ppy系细胞的特性。

方法:研究方案由群马大学动物保护和实验委员会审查并批准。所有动物饲养在特定的无病原体屏障设施中,光照/黑暗12小时循环,喂食标准的啮齿动物食品(日本清洁协会,东京,日本),并可自由饮水。除单细胞RNA序列(scRNA-seq)分析和Ca2+成像实验外,所有实验均使用雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(CLEA Japan, Tokyo, Japan)。在这项研究中没有进行随机和盲法。体重超出指示范围的小鼠被排除在实验之外。除了scRNA-seq分析外,我们至少重复了两次实验,这是通过另外的免疫组化进行验证的。采用IPGTT法,小鼠腹腔注射葡萄糖2g/kg,在指定时间测定血糖水平。通过用Ppy-Credriver小鼠和PP特异性单克隆抗体研究Ppy系细胞和β细胞之间的关系。用单细胞转录组分析法检测内分泌细胞的分子水平,用钙离子显像法测定β细胞的葡萄糖反应性。糖尿病是由链脲佐菌素或白喉毒素在小鼠实验中诱导的。

结果:Ppy系细胞是包括胰岛β细胞在内的四种主要内分泌细胞的主要来源,Ppy系β细胞是一个较小的亚群,占β细胞总数的12~15%,主要分布在胰岛周围(81.2%)。用PPY谱系示踪剂进行的无偏单细胞分析表明,β细胞由7个簇组成,分为两组(即Ppy系和非Ppy系的β细胞)。这些β细胞亚群在功能和基因表达谱上表现出明显的特征。在实验性糖尿病模型中,Ppy系β细胞对葡萄糖刺激的Ca2+信号反应减弱,数量增加。

图1 使用新型Ppy-Cremice分析ppy谱系细胞。(a)PpyCre小鼠与Rosa26-YFP小鼠杂交,得到PpyCre;Rosa26-YFP小鼠。(b)成年Ppy-Cre小鼠胰腺头部YFP+PP+细胞(黄色箭头)和YFP单阳性细胞(绿色箭头);Rosa26-YFP小鼠。4只小鼠的代表性图像。酒吧,规模50μm。(c - e) YFP+ INS+细胞(c), YFP+GCG+细胞(d)a n dY FP+ SST+(e)成年Ppy-Cre小鼠胰脏头部双阳性细胞;Rosa26-YFP小鼠(所有小鼠黄色箭头)。酒吧、规模50μm。(f)的比率YFP + INS / GCG海温+ / + / PP + (YFP +激素+)细胞总YFP +细胞在胰腺的成年Ppy-Cre; Rosa26-YFP老鼠(n = 4)。(g)的比率YFP +激素+细胞为每种类型的激素+细胞在胰腺的成年Ppy-Cre; Rosa26-YFP老鼠(n = 4)。数据显示为均值±SEM。* * * p < 0.05, p < 0.01

图2 Ppy系β细胞的单细胞转录组分析。(a) 8周龄雄性MIP-GFP;Ppy-Cre;Rosa26tdTomato小鼠3949个胰岛细胞的UMAP二维成像[UMAP_1和UMAP_2]。括号中显示了每个集群的细胞计数。(b - f) fins2 (b),Gcg(c),Sst(d),Ppy(e)和tdTomato(f) mRNA在不同胰岛细胞簇中的表达的特征图和柱状图。相对表达式指数(任意单位)用单轴表示。(g)通过UMAP可视化对β细胞重新聚类识别出7个亚簇(no。0到没有。6). (h - l) fins2 (h),Gcg(i),Sst(j),Ppy (k)和tdTomato(l) mRNA在beta细胞簇中的表达的特征图和小提琴图,如(g)所示。相对表达指数(任意单位)为缟突。(m,n)使用ShinyGO v0.61基因本体论富集分析,基于ppy -系和非ppy -系beta细胞之间的DEGs进行GO分析。保存以逗号分隔值输出的GO生物过程文件,并选择所有调整值小于0.01的路径进行分析。我们选择了在差异基因表达分析中获得的基因中高度富集的、通常重复出现且排名较高的氧化石墨烯通路。

图3 葡萄糖刺激的Ca2+内流在ppy家族和非ppy家族beta细胞之间的比较。(a)使用GFP和tdTomato两种报告细胞鉴定ppy系和非ppy系beta细胞的方法示意图。(b)来自总共n=10只小鼠(每组n= 5只小鼠)的非ppy系β细胞(绿色细胞;n= 223)和ppy系β细胞(黄色细胞;n= 84)对高糖刺激的Ca2+反应。fura2的比值为340/380 nm荧光。(c, d)来自n=1只小鼠,在葡萄糖浓度为2.8 mmol/l (G2.8)和25 mmol/l (G25)时,绿色细胞(n= 111个细胞)(c)和黄色细胞(n= 44个细胞)(d) Ca2+反应的代表性时间进程。(e)来自共8只小鼠(每组n= 4只小鼠)的非ppy系β细胞(绿色细胞;n= 62)和ppy系β细胞(黄色细胞;n= 4 9)对40 mmol/l K+刺激的Ca2+反应。数据显示为平均值±SEM。**p< 0.01

结论:我们的结果表明胰岛β细胞的异质性是由Ppy基因激活决定的,这为胰岛的稳态调节和未来的糖尿病治疗策略提供了有价值的信息。

原文出处:

Fukaishi T,  Nakagawa Y,  Fukunaka A,et al.Characterisation of Ppy-lineage cells clarifies the functional heterogeneity of pancreatic beta cells in mice.Diabetologia 2021 Sep 09

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    2022-08-09 baoya
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    2021-11-25 查查佳佳

    自动体外除颤仪便于操作,即使非专业人员也可以安全进行除颤。

    0

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