恩替卡韦临床应用专家共识:2015年更新要点中国肝脏病杂志(电子版) 

2015-08-07 佚名 中国肝脏病杂志

恩替卡韦(entecavir,ETV)是当前慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者抗病毒治疗的一线药物之一。继2014版《恩替卡韦临床应用专家共识》之后,近1年来,ETV治疗CHB患者的大样本长期随访数据不断公布,ETV治疗特殊人群患者的资料进一步积累。为将最新的ETV循证医学证据提供给广大肝病及感染病医务工作者,更好地指导ETV临床应用,相关专家对ETV相关数据进

恩替卡韦(entecavir,ETV)是当前慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者抗病毒治疗的一线药物之一。继2014版《恩替卡韦临床应用专家共识》之后,近1年来,ETV治疗CHB患者的大样本长期随访数据不断公布,ETV治疗特殊人群患者的资料进一步积累。为将最新的ETV循证医学证据提供给广大肝病及感染病医务工作者,更好地指导ETV临床应用,相关专家对ETV相关数据进行总结分析,形成了《恩替卡韦临床应用专家共识:2015年更新》。2015年更新要点整理如下:

ETV用于实际临床NA初治患者大样本随访数据

Cho等报道1009例应用ETV初治的CHB患者平均随访36.4月的数据。其中HBeAg阳性CHB患者571例,HBeAg阴性患者438 例。治疗1、3与5年累积HBV DNA < 60 IU/ml患者比率分别为79.0%、95.6%与99.4%,累积ALT复常率分别为81.8%、95.0%与99.5%。治疗5年累积基因型耐药率2.1%。
ETV治疗拉米夫定(lamivudine,LAM)与替比夫定(telbivudine,LdT)经治的CHB患者

不推荐ETV单药用于LAM经治患者的抗病毒治疗(0.5 mg/d与1.0 mg/d均不推荐)。

Lo等报道33例LdT治疗6~12月HBV DNA仍可检出患者换用ETV治疗,平均治疗25月26例(79%)患者HBV DNA 低于检测下限。8例患者HBV DNA仍可检出,其中3例患者检出rtM204I ± rtL180M变异。这大大增加了ETV耐药风险,基于此不推荐ETV单药用于LdT经治患者的抗病毒治疗。


Zeng等对4项323例LAM耐药患者的挽救治疗研究进行荟萃分析,结果表明与LAM + 阿德福韦酯(adefovir dipivoxil, ADV)的挽救治疗方案相比,ETV+ADV挽救治疗6个月HBV DNA低于检测下限比率显著优于LAM+ADV方案(RR =1.63,95%CI:1.14~2.34,P<0.007);ETV +ADV方案ALT复常率显著优于LAM+ADV方案(RR=1.4,95%CI:1.11~1.77,P <0.005)。ETV+ADV方案治疗12月耐药发生率显著低于LAM+ADV方案(RR=0.24,95%CI:0.10~0.58,P=0.002)。

ETV用于ADV与LAM(或LdT)多药经治的CHB患者

Xu等报道ETV+ADV用于45例HBeAg阳性LAM、LdT与ADV多药经治患者,其中包括2例多耐药患者。结果表明ETV0.5 mg/d+ADV10mg/d治疗24月,HBV DNA低于检测下限比率为97.8%,HBeAg血清学转换率为26.7%。结果提示ETV+ADV可有效治疗ADV与LAM/LdT多药经治患者。此外Park等报道一项前瞻性多中心研究,应用ETV+TDF治疗64例多耐药患者,结果表明治疗24周与48周HBV DNA低于检测下限比率分别为67.2%与85.9%;治疗48周2/57例患者实现HBeAg阴转率;ETV+TDF安全耐受性良好。

推荐意见:对于ADV与LAM(或LdT)多药经治患者,可考虑采用ETV+TDF或ETV+ADV的挽救治疗。

ETV治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化患者

Hosaka等对472例ETV治疗患者的队列随访也证实,ETV治疗组5年累积HCC发生率为3.7%,而未应用抗病毒治疗的历史对照组为13.7%。Wong等对482例ETV治疗的肝硬化患者随访分析表明,ETV治疗可显著降低肝硬化患者HCC发生率以及肝病相关病死率。此外Kuo等采用肝脏瞬时弹性扫描评价肝硬化患者应用ETV治疗肝脏硬度改善情况,结果提示101例肝硬化患者经ETV治疗平均61.9周,肝脏硬度值由12.5kPa下降至10.1kPa(P<0.001)。

推荐意见:失代偿期肝硬化患者仅HBsAg阳性可酌情考虑抗病毒治疗

ETV用于HBV相关肝衰竭患者

HBV相关的急性、亚急性肝衰竭患者抗病毒治疗可改善其生存率、降低肝衰竭相关并发症的发生率,对HBsAg阳性或HBV DNA阳性的急性、亚急性肝衰竭患者应考虑尽早应用NAs抗病毒治疗。抗病毒过程中出现HBsAg及HBV DNA低于检测下限,不能完全排除体内仍残存HBV,因此抗病毒治疗应持续至发生HBsAg血清学转换。

就诊时抗-HBs阳性者不必进行抗病毒治疗。慢加急性、慢性肝衰竭患者及时抗病毒治疗可改善患者病情、提高生存率并可降低肝移植后乙型肝炎复发的风险。对于早、中期HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者,如果HBV DNA阳性即可考虑抗病毒治疗;晚期慢加急性肝衰竭患者、慢性肝衰竭患者往往需要进行肝脏移植,只要HBsAg或HBV DNA阳性就应进行抗病毒治疗。

推荐意见:符合抗病毒治疗指征的肝衰竭患者应及时抗病毒治疗,ETV应作为抗病毒治疗一线方案之一。

ETV用于接受免疫抑制剂等治疗的慢性HBV感染者

Cheng等报道ETV对照LAM用于40例血液疾病患者化疗预防HBV再活动,其中26例患者应用ETV,14例患者应用LAM。结果表明两种药物都能有效预防HBV再活动,但在LAM组1例患者因LAM耐药导致HBV DNA 再活动。ETV至少应于免疫抑制治疗或化疗前2~4周给药,如患者基线HBV DNA低于检测下限,可于免疫抑制剂或细胞毒性药物治疗结束后6个月停用预防治疗;如基线HBV DNA阳性,则停药标准与一般HBV感染患者相同。

Huang等报道39例HBsAg阴性/抗-HBc阳性淋巴瘤患者(其中25例患者抗HBs阳性)随访平均18个月,7例(17.9%)患者出现HBV再激活(HBV DNA升高> 2000 IU/ml),4例患者再次HBsAg阳性(其中包含1例抗HBs阳性患者)。因此,对于HBsAg阴性/抗-HBc阳性接受免疫抑制剂或细胞毒性药物治疗患者,应密切监测患者HBV病毒学标志物以及HBV DNA载量。对于需要接受强效免疫抑制剂或细胞毒性药物(如抗-CD20、抗-TNF抗体或大剂量糖皮质激素)治疗的患者也可酌情采用ETV预防治疗。

ETV在HBsAg阳性患者肝移植手术前后的应用

Yi等报道29例HBV相关肝移植患者第1年应用HBIG + ETV预防HBV再感染,第二年仅采用ETV治疗;结果表明随访至第二年结束,1/29例患者肝癌复发后出现HBV再感染,其他患者均未出现HBV再感染。初步结果提示HBIG + ETV用于肝移植后预防HBV再感染1年后可考虑停用HBIG,仅采用ETV进行预防;但此治疗策略尚需进一步研究验证,与会专家建议慎重采取此治疗策略。

ETV用于妊娠患者 

美国抗反转录病毒注册网站截止至2013年7月,总计55例孕妇在妊娠前3个月应用ETV治疗,新生儿出生缺陷率为3.63%(2/55),妊娠后6个月2例患者应用ETV,无新生儿出现出生缺陷。因患者病例数较少,尚无法评价ETV对于新生儿出生缺陷率的影响。

Cai等报道16例男性CHB患者服用ETV期间供精致配偶妊娠,共分娩18例新生儿均无低体重及出生缺陷发生。彭劼等同样报道4例男性CHB患者服用ETV期间供精致配偶妊娠,共分娩4例新生儿均无出生缺陷。与会专家认为,当前暂无证据表明男性患者服用ETV期间供精致配偶妊娠对胎儿发育产生异常影响,对于男性CHB患者服用ETV期间供精致配偶妊娠者,可在充分知情同意下考虑继续妊娠。

推荐意见:男性CHB患者服用ETV期间供精致配偶妊娠者,可在充分知情同意下考虑继续妊娠。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42790, encodeId=029d42e9060, content=既然出生前三月有3.63%发生出生缺陷,那以后还敢让孕妇吃药吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151101/IMG5635562CC617F7689.jpg, createdBy=bf351605554, createdName=xjbtdbs150wgf, createdTime=Sun Nov 08 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42789, encodeId=44da42e89be, content=目前都是在妊娠七月后开始抗病毒药物治疗,到底有多少出生缺陷呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151101/IMG5635562CC617F7689.jpg, createdBy=bf351605554, createdName=xjbtdbs150wgf, createdTime=Sun Nov 08 00:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844459, encodeId=ee671844459a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Mon Apr 11 02:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835596, encodeId=120b183559697, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 23:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35333, encodeId=d9503533341, content=55例孕妇在妊娠前3个月应用ETV治疗,新生儿出生缺陷率为3.63%(2/55),妊娠后6个月2例患者应用ETV,无新生儿出现出生缺陷。没有对照,遗憾, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6a571628825, createdName=2863454482, createdTime=Sun Aug 09 22:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1368921, encodeId=e06b136892197, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d305285e9f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恩替卡韦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52857, encryptionId=2d305285e9f, topicName=恩替卡韦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a27288, createdName=smallant2002, createdTime=Sun Aug 09 07:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-08 xjbtdbs150wgf

    既然出生前三月有3.63%发生出生缺陷,那以后还敢让孕妇吃药吗?

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42790, encodeId=029d42e9060, content=既然出生前三月有3.63%发生出生缺陷,那以后还敢让孕妇吃药吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151101/IMG5635562CC617F7689.jpg, createdBy=bf351605554, createdName=xjbtdbs150wgf, createdTime=Sun Nov 08 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42789, encodeId=44da42e89be, content=目前都是在妊娠七月后开始抗病毒药物治疗,到底有多少出生缺陷呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151101/IMG5635562CC617F7689.jpg, createdBy=bf351605554, createdName=xjbtdbs150wgf, createdTime=Sun Nov 08 00:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844459, encodeId=ee671844459a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Mon Apr 11 02:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835596, encodeId=120b183559697, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 23:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35333, encodeId=d9503533341, content=55例孕妇在妊娠前3个月应用ETV治疗,新生儿出生缺陷率为3.63%(2/55),妊娠后6个月2例患者应用ETV,无新生儿出现出生缺陷。没有对照,遗憾, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6a571628825, createdName=2863454482, createdTime=Sun Aug 09 22:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1368921, encodeId=e06b136892197, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2d305285e9f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恩替卡韦#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52857, encryptionId=2d305285e9f, topicName=恩替卡韦)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a27288, createdName=smallant2002, createdTime=Sun Aug 09 07:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-08 xjbtdbs150wgf

    目前都是在妊娠七月后开始抗病毒药物治疗,到底有多少出生缺陷呢?

    0

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    2015-08-09 2863454482

    55例孕妇在妊娠前3个月应用ETV治疗,新生儿出生缺陷率为3.63%(2/55),妊娠后6个月2例患者应用ETV,无新生儿出现出生缺陷。没有对照,遗憾

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