Hepatology:香港中文大学Vincent WS Wong等发现AFP为诊断恩替卡韦治疗慢乙肝患者发生肝癌的特异性肿瘤标记物

2013-11-13 daerwen2008 丁香园

研究要点:1.在诊断为肝癌的前6个月时甲胎蛋白开始升高。2.受试者工作特征曲线在患者诊断为肝癌时达到最高点,并在诊断前的3个月和6个月保持较高水平。3.0个月时(诊断为肝癌时),常规甲胎蛋白临界值(20μg/l)诊断肝癌的敏感性和特异性分别为38.6% 和98.9%。4.0个月时(诊断为肝癌时),较低甲胎蛋白水平临界值(6μg/l)诊断肝癌的灵敏度提高至80.7%,但特异性下降至80.4%。α-甲

研究要点:

1.在诊断为肝癌的前6个月时甲胎蛋白开始升高。

2.受试者工作特征曲线在患者诊断为肝癌时达到最高点,并在诊断前的3个月和6个月保持较高水平。

3.0个月时(诊断为肝癌时),常规甲胎蛋白临界值(20μg/l)诊断肝癌的敏感性和特异性分别为38.6% 和98.9%。

4.0个月时(诊断为肝癌时),较低甲胎蛋白水平临界值(6μg/l)诊断肝癌的灵敏度提高至80.7%,但特异性下降至80.4%。

α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)是最广泛用于监测肝癌(HCC)的生物标志物,但其在活动性肝炎和肝硬化中既不具有敏感性也无特异性,对于诊断恩替卡韦治疗慢乙肝(CHB)患者肝癌的敏感性和特异性如何尚未可知。来自香港中文大学消化系统疾病研究所和内科及药物治疗学系的Vincent Wai-Sun Wong博士等人对此展开研究。研究结果认为:在接受恩替卡韦治疗的慢乙肝患者中,甲胎蛋白是诊断肝癌的特异性肿瘤标志物。采用较低的AFP水平临界值(6 µg/l)将显著提高其灵敏度。该研究结果在线发表在2013年10月1日的《肝病学》(Hepatology)杂志上。【原文下载

本研究为前瞻性队列研究,目的是确定AFP能否作为恩替卡韦治疗的慢性乙肝患者诊断为肝癌的标志物。1531例恩替卡韦治疗的患者定期接受AFP和超声检查进行肝癌监测。患者平均年龄为52岁,其中1099(72%)例患者为男性,332(21.7%)例患者有肝硬化的临床证据。平均随访时间为51个月,其中57例(2.9%)患者进展为平均大小3.3厘米的肝癌。

研究结果发现,AFP随着谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平波动,在开始使用恩替卡韦的时候达到顶峰,然后逐渐下降。在患者诊断为肝癌的前6个月时AFP开始增加。AFP受试者工作特征曲线(AUROC)在患者诊断为肝癌时达到最高点(0.85),并在诊断为肝癌的前3个月(0.82 )和6个月(0.79)保持一定高度。0个月时,常规AFP临界值(20 µg/l)诊断肝癌的灵敏度和特异性分别为38.6%和98.9%,而较低AFP水平临界值(6 µg/l)诊断肝癌的灵敏度提高至80.7%,特异性下降至80.4%。

研究结果认为,在接受恩替卡韦治疗的慢乙肝患者中,AFP是预测肝癌的特异性肿瘤标志物。采用AFP水平较低的临界值(6 µg/l)将显著提高发现肝癌的灵敏度。

研究背景:

在初治或接受抗病毒治疗的慢乙肝患者中,发生肝癌的风险可通过预测分数来估计。拉米夫定和恩替卡韦等抗病毒治疗能减少但不能消除发生肝癌的风险。α-AFP是最广泛使用的用以监测肝癌的生物标志物,但至少1/3的肝癌不分泌AFP,使得肝癌检测的灵敏度一般较低(20%-65%)。此外AFP水平有时在无肝癌的活动性肝炎和肝硬化患者中也会升高。因其检测早期肝癌的低敏感性和低特异度,美国肝脏疾研究病协会推荐在监测肝癌时单独使用超声(无AFP)。鉴于社区较低的肝癌监测率或有些地区超声缺乏,因此放弃AFP监测为时过早。

活动性肝炎和肝硬化患者发生肝癌的风险较高,而这些患者由于大多接受抗病毒治疗很少有肝炎复发而对其发生肝癌的监测较少关注。因此,应重新审视接受抗病毒治疗的慢性乙肝患者AFP的检测。基于此,本研究大规模队列研究中,目的是确定检测AFP作为诊断恩替卡韦治疗的慢乙肝患者发生肝癌的肿瘤标志物,同时研究AFP的动态变化,以确定检测的最佳时机以及AFP水平的临界值。

研究发现,ALT水平正常时,HBV DNA水平不影响AFP的检测。在诊断为肝癌前的6个月,AFP水平明显增加。本研究中发现的肝癌平均大小3.3cm,AFP检测肝癌早于超声诊断,特别是当肝硬化结节外观上成像时。若各种抗病毒药物的治疗对ALT正常化和减少各种肝癌影响是可比的,AFP可适用所有抗病毒药物治疗的慢性乙肝患者肝癌监测。新的AFP临界值也可适用于低病毒载量(<2000 IU/ml)和ALT水平正常的非活动状态的患者。

总之,AFP是诊断接受恩替卡韦治疗的慢乙肝患者的特异性肿瘤标记。由于AFP检测有较高的特异性和阴性预测值,其应被采用作为社区层面的第一线肝癌的筛检工具。在诊断为肝癌的约6个月前AFP水平开始增加。采用较低的AFP水平的临界值6μg/l会显著增加肝癌检测的灵敏性,AFP升高>6μg/l时肝癌检测具有较高的特异性。

原文出处

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    2014-07-05 wjywjy
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    2014-05-02 mxj1971619
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    2013-11-15 gwc384

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