“抢救完手都在抖”高强度体力活的心肺复苏,来学吧

2017-06-22 山中麻署/复旦大学附属中山医院 澎湃新闻

曾经在逛知乎的时候看到过这样一个问题,“医生做心肺复苏累吗”?下面的十多个回答基本都是“非常累”、“喘成狗”、“抢救完手都在抖”、“汗滴都落在病人胸前了”之类的表示心肺复苏相当辛苦的答案。当然了,作为一个重症医学出身并且在麻醉科转基地的小麻花,小菌虽不是身经百战,但参与抢救做胸外按压的病例已经是两位数了。我这样没什么经验的年轻人,在抢救时主要是充当壮劳力,所以我充分了解持续高质量胸外按压是个非

曾经在逛知乎的时候看到过这样一个问题,“医生做心肺复苏累吗”?下面的十多个回答基本都是“非常累”、“喘成狗”、“抢救完手都在抖”、“汗滴都落在病人胸前了”之类的表示心肺复苏相当辛苦的答案。

当然了,作为一个重症医学出身并且在麻醉科转基地的小麻花,小菌虽不是身经百战,但参与抢救做胸外按压的病例已经是两位数了。我这样没什么经验的年轻人,在抢救时主要是充当壮劳力,所以我充分了解持续高质量胸外按压是个非常考验体力和耐力的技术。每一次监护室里的心肺复苏,都是青壮年医生和人高马大的男护士们排着队轮流按压,平均2分钟左右就要换一次人,30分钟后必然手臂酸痛,连笔都握不住。

所以,当我知道自己要在“520”这个万众秀恩爱的日子里回到医院参加AHA(美国心脏协会)的BLS(基础生命支持)培训的时候,内心是有点崩溃的,毕竟我是个太不喜欢运动的人。周末在家泡杯茶点支香,坐在窗前读一本汪曾祺先生的《四方食事》,那才惬意嘛!

饱饱地吃了一顿午饭,带上一大瓶茶,和小伙伴们一起到达了这次培训的场地。首先看到的就是地上整整齐齐排列着的复苏安妮(resusci Anne),感觉这真是一个高规格的课程,毕竟以前上课的时候,全班能有一两个复苏安妮就不错了。现在12个学员配备了6个安妮,6套急救设备,真是非常的高大上。怀着激动的心情领取了课程表和学员须知,又被注意事项的耿直吓到了。

高强度的体力活动!以前的各种课程由于僧多粥少,每人能做1-2个循环就不错了,该不会,该不会,这次要让我们做标准的5个循环吧!(后来发现,何止是只做5个循环)

怀着锻炼身体的心境,课程开始了。作为一名医生,虽然只是最年轻的住院医生,也经历了大大小小无数次心肺复苏的培训了,整个流程早已烂熟于心。现在就给大家贡献一点干货吧。

首先要提醒一下,此流程只适用于成人,儿童和婴儿的相关流程和操作会有所不同。并且相关指南会持续更新,本文使用的是目前最新的2015年指南哦。

好了,请想象一下,您和您的朋友/爱人/亲人一起在机场候机,准备好好享受难得的假期,您去旁边的书店买了本杂志,回来后发现他倒在地上一声不响,怎么办?怎么办?

第一步,确认现场安全

如果事发现场是车来车往的公路,是余震不断的地震房屋倒塌现场,贸然施救是不安全的,很有可能不仅没救到人,施救者也会受伤,所以确认现场安全非常重要。所幸事发地点是机场候机大厅,并不会危害到施救者本身的安全,赶快进行下一步吧!

第二步,检查患者意识情况

通俗的说,就是看看倒在地上的他有没有反应。通常的做法是拍他的肩膀并且大声呼唤他,比如说“你还好吗?”、“醒醒,醒醒!”看他是不是有反应。

第三步,如果患者无反应,大声寻求附近人的帮助,打120,取得AED

机场候机大厅人来人往,很快周围就聚集了一群围观群众。此时需要迅速指定一个人拨打120,请他找来附近的AED(自动体外除颤仪)。注意,不要说“谁帮我打个120吧”,而是“穿蓝外套的先生,帮我打一下120”,否则可能会降低获得帮助的几率。

机场的AED放置处长什么样呢?小菌找了张浦东机场的图片,按照新闻报道的数据,浦东机场公共区域有22台AED,应该不会太难找吧。

第四步,评估呼吸和脉搏

这一步应该在5-10秒内完成,扫视患者胸部,看看有没有呼吸起伏,同时检查颈动脉搏动。颈动脉在哪里呢?首先用2-3根手指找到气管,也就是颈部的正中央,喉结所在的位置。然后手指向一侧滑动,滑到气管旁边肌肉的沟里,感受动脉的搏动。

正在看文章的您可以试试看摸摸自己的颈动脉搏动,熟悉颈动脉搏动的位置可以让您在真正危急的时候减少寻找颈动脉的时间。确认脉搏至少要感觉5秒。

□ 如果患者有呼吸和脉搏,那么不需要心肺复苏,请守在他身边,等待医务人员到来。

□ 如果患者有脉搏但没有呼吸,则需要口对口人工呼吸,成人大约每5-6秒给予1次呼吸,每2分钟确认一下脉搏。

□ 如果很不幸,在10秒内都没有感觉到确切的脉搏,并且患者没有呼吸,那么您此时要赶快进入下一步,立刻开始心肺复苏!

第五步,开始高质量的心肺复苏,先从胸外按压开始

首先跪在患者的一侧,确保患者仰卧在坚固的平坦表面上。候机大厅的地面平坦坚硬,十分适合胸外按压。将一只手掌的掌根放在患者胸部的中央,胸骨的中下段,对于男性患者来说,大概就是两乳头连线的正中。另一只手叠在前一只手上,手臂伸直,肩、肘、手腕处在同一条直线上。按压深度为5-6厘米,频率是100-120次/分钟。每次按压后,需保证胸廓完全回弹。尽量减少按压中断,此时您的按压代替了他的心跳,心脏中的血液完全依靠您的按压而源源不断地流向全身各个脏器。当做完30次胸外按压之后,赶快进入下一步!

第六步,开放气道

对于没有头颈部损伤的患者,常使用仰头提颏法开放气道。一只手掌放在患者额头上,让他头部后仰。另一只手的手指摸到患者下巴的骨头,提起他的下巴。注意不要使劲按压患者下巴的软组织,可能会堵塞气道,也不要完全封闭患者的嘴巴。

第七步,人工呼吸

机场的医疗团队现在还没有赶到,在没有任何医疗装置的情况下,您需要实施口对口人工呼吸。用放在前额的那只手捏住患者的鼻子,正常吸一口气(不需要深吸气),用嘴唇包住患者的嘴,不要漏气,把这口气吹进去。每次吹气持续1秒,吹气时看看他的胸口有没有抬高。如果没有抬高,说明气道没有开放,气没吹进去,则需要重新做仰头提颏的动作。给予2次人工呼吸,之后迅速恢复胸外按压。如果有便携面罩,则可以使用便携面罩进行人工呼吸。

第八步,持续以30:2的比例继续进行胸外按压和人工呼吸

在医务人员到场之前,继续进行心肺复苏,每30次胸外按压后给2次人工呼吸。一般来说,做5个循环就已经很累了,如果现场还有会心肺复苏术的围观者或者工作人员,那么一定不要逞强,请他们和你一起轮流进行心肺复苏。过度疲劳很容易使施救者的动作不规范,按压不到位,所以每5个循环或者每2分钟需要轮换一次,交换时间需少于5秒。

第九步,使用AED。

在您努力按压的时候,其他人帮忙拿来了AED。此时不要中断按压,请旁边的人打开AED电源,并且按照AED电子音提示进行操作。首先把两个电极按照指示贴在患者胸前,一个贴在右锁骨附近,一个贴在左侧乳头下方。之后AED会提示“正在分析心律,请不要触碰患者”,这时候需要停止按压,身体离开患者。根据分析,如果AED提示不需要电击,则继续恢复胸外按压。如果AED提示需要电击,则会自动充电,并且提示按下电击键。按电击键之前,一定要大声提醒周围的人不要碰到患者,以免触电。电击之后,立刻恢复胸外按压。如果有多名施救者,可以在AED分析患者心律的时候进行轮替,以减少中断按压的时间。在随后的心肺复苏过程中,不要关闭AED。

在医务人员到场或者患者恢复心跳、呼吸或有反应之前,一定记得尽量坚持,不要停止心肺复苏。

以上是成人心肺复苏的大致基本流程,在实际操作中还有很多细节,由于篇幅原因无法一一提及。除此之外,整个课程还学习了儿童、婴儿的心肺复苏和成人、婴儿急性气道梗阻的急救流程。几个小时下来,贴身的衣物已经被汗浸湿了,毕竟这是高强度的体力活动嘛!

AHA的BLS课程使用了一些很有趣的仪器,比如说下图的训练用的AED,并不会真的放电,保证课程学员的安全。还有可以测定按压深度、频率以及人工呼吸是否成功的仪器,在练习时可以根据它的提示调整自己的动作,非常实用。(我这真不是广告,真的很好用……)

心肺复苏可以在紧急情况下为呼吸心跳骤停的患者增加续命的机会,这项技术非常实用,在关键时刻可能可以挽救自己的亲人、爱人或朋友。了解心肺复苏的流程是您为拯救生命做出努力的第一步,看完这篇文章,您记住这个流程了吗?没记住?那就再看一遍吧!

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    2017-06-24 lizhou0204
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    2017-06-24 lfyang
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    2017-06-24 aids219
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    2017-06-23 guangyi1980

    学习了

    0

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    2017-06-23 杨利洪

    学习了,分享了

    0

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