Cell Metab:肺癌免疫疗法,这类血检预示更有效

2018-03-19 药明康德 药明康德

免疫疗法是癌症治疗领域的重大突破。已经上市的免疫检查点抑制剂在包括肺癌在内的多种癌症患者身上可以产生出色的疗效,但是并不是所有癌症患者都会对这些疗法产生反应。日前澳大利亚沃尔特和伊丽莎霍尔医学研究所 (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) 的研究人员发现一种基因突变组合是导致特定侵袭性非常强的肺癌产生的原因,而且他们的研究结果表明

免疫疗法是癌症治疗领域的重大突破。已经上市的免疫检查点抑制剂在包括肺癌在内的多种癌症患者身上可以产生出色的疗效,但是并不是所有癌症患者都会对这些疗法产生反应。日前澳大利亚沃尔特和伊丽莎霍尔医学研究所 (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) 的研究人员发现一种基因突变组合是导致特定侵袭性非常强的肺癌产生的原因,而且他们的研究结果表明免疫检查点抑制剂能够对这种肺癌产生良好的疗效。这项研究发表在《Cell Metabolism》杂志上。

肺癌是世界上癌症造成的死亡的首要原因。肺腺癌 (lung adenocarcinoma, ADC) 属于非小细胞肺癌,是最常见的肺癌种类。在肺腺癌中,超过20%的肿瘤在KEAP1/NRF2信号通路上出现基因变异。这些肿瘤侵袭性非常强,对放疗和化疗都产生抗性并且预后不良。因此患者急需针对它们的新疗法。

澳大利亚的研究人员在转基因小鼠模型中对KEAP1/NRF2和PI3K两条信号通路进行了研究。他们发现,同时激活KEAP1/NRF2 和PI3K 信号通路会导致小鼠肺腺癌的产生。更重要的是,对携带这些肿瘤的肺部微环境的研究表明肿瘤细胞能够提高PD-L1蛋白的表达,同时肺部存在的CD8阳性T淋巴细胞表面的PD-1受体蛋白水平显着升高。这些迹象表明这种肿瘤能够在肺部产生免疫抑制的微环境,同时也意味着抗PD-1或CTLA-4的免疫检查点阻断疗法可能对它们有效。

为了验证免疫检查点阻断疗法的效果,研究人员使用了抗PD-1和抗CTLA-4组合疗法对携带这种肿瘤的小鼠进行了治疗。实验结果表明,免疫检查点阻断疗法能够显着减小肿瘤体积。

与此同时,使用液相和气相质谱对小鼠血浆中代谢物水平的研究表明,KEAP1/NRF2信号通路的持续激活会给小鼠的糖代谢模式带来重大改变,造成血浆中多种糖代谢物和核苷酸水平出现变化。血浆中的这些代谢物的变化特征可以帮助开发出一种血检。

“我们希望这种血检能够帮助发现那些可能对免疫疗法产生反应的癌症患者。同时,它可能成为一种简易、无创的早期肺癌检测方式,” 文章的资深作者,沃尔特和伊丽莎霍尔医学研究所的Kate Sutherland博士说。

下一步,研究人员将分析人类样本,检验在小鼠模型中发现的结果是否与人类肺腺癌患者中获得的数据一致。

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    2018-09-04 维他命
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    2019-02-09 一闲
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    2018-11-20 guojianrong
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    2018-03-21 Luyuxie_11

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