AHA2017:RE-DUAL PCI亚组分析:房颤患者应用新型口服抗凝药/氯吡格雷双联抗栓治疗更安全有效

2017-11-18 佚名 国际循环

2017年美国心脏协会(AHA)科学年会,在抗栓late-breaking重磅研究专题中,RE-DUAL PCI主要研究者之一、瑞典乌普萨拉大学Jonas Oldgren教授报道了最新亚组分析结果。

2017年11月11~15日,2017年美国心脏协会(AHA)科学年会于美国阿纳海姆隆重召开。在抗栓late-breaking重磅研究专题中,RE-DUAL PCI主要研究者之一、瑞典乌普萨拉大学Jonas Oldgren教授报道了最新亚组分析结果,证实无论房颤患者是否合并急性冠脉综合征(ACS)以及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)支架类型如何,新型口服抗凝药+P2Y12抑制双联方案均显着优于华法林+阿司匹林+P2Y12抑制剂三联方案;而且,新型口服抗凝药联合氯吡格雷的出血风险明显低于其与替格瑞洛联合方案。

RE-DUAL PCI研究回顾

RE-DUAL PCI研究是一项多中心、前瞻性、随机、开放标签、盲终点(PROBE)的III期临床研究,旨在比较房颤患者PCI术后接受达比加群酯+P2Y12抑制剂双联方案与华法林+阿司匹林+P2Y12抑制剂三联方案的有效性和安全性。研究共纳入2725例非瓣膜性房颤PCI患者,随访分为三组:分别接受达比加群酯150 mg BID+P2Y12受体抑制剂、达比加群酯110 mg BID+P2Y12受体抑制剂、或华法林+阿司匹林+P2Y12抑制剂治疗。平均随访14个月。

研究主要终点为评估至首次发生国际血栓与止血学会(ISTH)定义的大出血事件,或主要的临床相关性非大出血事件(CRNM)发生的时间。次要终点评估至首次事件(死亡、血栓事件)发生的时间,包括全因死亡(心血管、非心血管或原因不明)、心肌梗死卒中/全身性栓塞、计划外血运重建(PCI/冠状动脉旁路移植术)的复合终点。

RE-DUAL PCI研究结果显示,两个剂量的达比加群酯双联治疗组ISTH大出血/CRNM出血事件的发生率均显着低于华法林三联治疗组(图1)。在复合有效性终点方面,达比加群酯双联治疗组与华法林三联治疗组之间无显着差异。



图1. 达比加群酯双联治疗较华法林三联治疗显着降低主要安全性终点风险

亚组分析结果

基线时,约50%患者合并ACS,83%患者应用药物洗脱支架(DES)。亚组分析取得了与总体研究人群相一致的结果,无论房颤患者是否合并ACS,也无论PCI术应用金属裸支架(BMS)还是DES,双联治疗组ISTH大出血/CRNM出血风险均低于三联治疗组,而在死亡及血栓事件风险方面均无显着差异。

在P2Y12抑制剂的选择上,基线时应用氯吡格雷的患者占88%(2398/2725),仅12%(327/2725)患者应用替格瑞洛。亚组分析显示,达比加群酯无论与氯吡格雷联合还是与替格瑞洛联合均较三联治疗降低ISTH大出血/CRNM出血风险;然而,与替格瑞洛相比,氯吡格雷无论是双联还是三联治疗的ISTH大出血/CRNM出血风险均更低(图2)。具体来讲,当与加比达群酯110 mg BID联合时,氯吡格雷与替格瑞洛的ISTH大出血/CRNM出血事件发生率分别为14.5%和21.2%;当与加比达群酯150 mg BID联合时,氯吡格雷与替格瑞洛的ISTH大出血/CRNM出血事件发生率分别为19.7%和23.1%;当与华法林+阿司匹林联合时也取得了相似结果,即氯吡格雷出血风险低于替格瑞洛(图3)。



图2. 氯吡格雷双联或三联治疗较替格瑞洛明显降低主要安全性终点风险



图3. 氯吡格雷双联或三联治疗均较替格瑞洛明显降低ISTH大出血/CRNM出血风险

研究结论及讨论

RE-DUAL PCI研究亚组分析结果证实,对于接受PCI的房颤患者,无论其是否合并ACS、接受DES或BMS支架,应用新型口服抗凝药+P2Y12抑制剂双联治疗均可较华法林+阿司匹林+P2Y12抑制剂三联治疗显着降低出血风险,且疗效相当。在该亚组分析结果发布后,斯坦福大学医学院Hlatky MA教授主持了讨论环节。他认为, 亚组分析是一种重要的研究方法,可进一步探索、挖掘治疗方案是否对某一特定人群更为有利(或有害)。从目前结果来看,RE-DUAL PCI研究亚组分析结果均与总体结果保持高度一致。

值得注意的是,RE-DUAL PCI研究还提示,无论是双联还是三联抗栓方案,氯吡格雷均是主要的P2Y12抑制剂,而且较替格瑞洛的出血风险更低,提示氯吡格雷是房颤患者抗栓治疗的优选P2Y12抑制剂。2016年发表的PIONEER AF-PCI研究也取得了相似结果(N Engl J Med.2016;375:2423-2434)。与RE-DUAL PCI研究设计相类似,PIONEER AF-PCI研究探索了新型口服抗凝药(利伐沙班)与P2Y12抑制剂双联治疗用于PCI房颤患者的有效性和安全性。在该研究中,氯吡格雷是主要的P2Y12抑制剂(约占95%)。结果显示,与标准三联治疗组(华法林+阿司匹林+氯吡格雷)相比,利伐沙班+氯吡格雷双联治疗组发生有临床意义的出血事件风险更低(HR=0.59,P<0.001),而心血管死亡、心肌梗死或卒中风险相似。

实际上, RE-DUAL PCI研究和PIONEER AF-PCI研究也是目前为止仅有的两项新型口服抗凝药在PCI房颤患者中应用的随机对照临床试验。两项研究均支持,新型口服抗凝药联合氯吡格雷是一种安全有效的双联抗栓新方案。根据《2016年ESC房颤管理指南》(Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016;50:e1-e88),无论是双联还是三联方案指南推荐的P2Y12受体抑制剂均为氯吡格雷,并未包括新型抗血小板药物。指南指出,考虑到替格瑞洛或普拉格雷尚缺乏在此类患者中应用的证据且严重出血风险高于氯吡格雷,除非是明确需要此类药物,否则在三联抗栓治疗中应避免应用。

综上,新型口服抗凝药+氯吡格雷双联治疗或将成为房颤患者抗栓治疗的新策略。期待今后开展更多临床研究来进一步验证该方案的有效性、安全性及可行性。

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