Nat Struct Mol Biol:研究人员发现耐药白血病中的酶的形状变化

2017-09-26 tree 来宝网

儿童研究医院的结构生物学家破译了该酶的结构称为ABL调节其活性,使酶自动开关。理解ABL的调节是很重要的,因为突变型的酶(BCR-ABL)在慢性髓性白血病和其他癌症中过度激活。ABL是白细胞中的一种中枢生长控制开关。酶过度激活刺激突变细胞变为白血病失控生长。

白血病中的酶是怎样变化的?儿童研究医院的结构生物学家破译了该酶的结构称为ABL调节其活性,使酶自动开关。理解ABL的调节是很重要的,因为突变型的酶(BCR-ABL)在慢性髓性白血病和其他癌症中过度激活。ABL是白细胞中的一种中枢生长控制开关。酶过度激活刺激突变细胞变为白血病失控生长。

临床医生治疗CML的药物切断酶已经成功,它经常发生变异,逐渐耐药。这项新的研究揭示了某些耐药突变的神秘机制。这项研究的发现也为克服阻力提供了可能的治疗途径。

该研究由Charalampos Kalodimos博士,结构生物学的圣裘德系主任主导,今天在自然结构和分子生物学杂志提前在线出版。

在他们的实验中,研究人员试图了解ABL是如何通过改变形状来改变自身的。ABL酶通过一种称为变构调节的过程控制这种转换,其中一部分分子远离分子的开关或激酶域,以某种方式抑制或激活ABL。

“我们知道有这两个功能状态,但我们不知道什么情况下,ABL会从一个切换到另一个,”Kalodimos说。我们也不明白调节ABL的外部分子是如何作用于这两种状态的。我们也不知道引起耐药性的突变是如何影响这些状态的。”

为了探测ABL分子的恒定形状移动,研究人员使用了一种叫做核磁共振光谱学的分析技术,在这种技术中,强磁场被用来调节分子产生的信号来揭示其结构。核磁共振光谱可以唯一地看到快速变化的分子。研究人员详细地研究了ABL区域称为变构调节模块与激酶结构域相互作用来控制它。

他们的实验表明,它的形状改变时,ABL在抑制和激活状态之间正是平衡的,Kalodimos说。

他说:“我们看到了这种非常快速的呼吸运动,每秒钟有数千次,其中分子不断地开、不断地关”。他说:“这个运动很重要,因为它允许其他调节ABL的分子以一种分等级的方式调节它的活性,像调节变阻器的上升或下降。”这样的调节将包括将ABL分子推向被抑制或激活的形状。

核磁共振谱捕捉分子复杂构象变化的事实,使研究人员能够发现ABL结构如何影响其活化状态的新细节。例如,他们的实验揭示了分子中未知的激活区。这个区域可能是一个产生抗药性的突变,Kalodimos说。

研究人员还利用自己的技术来分析突变Bcr-Abl的使它成为抗药物伊马替尼,被称为格列卫。该药物已被证明有效治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的插入激酶域的过度激活ABL酶和关闭它。然而,在许多患者中,产生ABL的基因突变使它具有抗药性。虽然许多突变阻止Gleevec从插入的激酶结构域,其他人似乎妨碍变构调节。实际上,他们可能“经”的酶保持活性。

在分析这些变构突变体的结构,Kalodimos和他的同事们发现,他们改变了ABL的形状来激活它;并没有妨碍Gleevec如何插入激酶结构域。发现新的治疗方法来克服这种阻力,Kalodimos说。

现在有新一代的药物与变构口袋结合,抑制其活性,”他说。这些可以结合Gleevec克服变构突变改变ABL进入抑制状态。”

Kalodimos说,治疗策略也可以应用于其他形式的白血病bcr-abl活性不受控制。对ABL调控的新的基本理解也将深入了解类似的酶,其中变构调节控制激酶结构域。

原始出处:

Tamjeed Saleh, et al. Atomic view of the energy landscape in the allosteric regulation of Abl kinase. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2017. DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3470.

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    2017-09-30 日月
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    2018-08-19 sunylz
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    2018-01-11 liye789132251
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    2017-09-28 刘守领

    好东西.值得分享!

    0

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    2017-09-26 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习受益匪浅

    0

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