Pediatrics:母乳喂养对提高认知能力有益吗?

2017-04-17 MedSci MedSci原创

尽管以前的研究表明,母乳喂养对儿童的智力有积极的影响——研究人员说,这可能是因为母乳中的营养成分——现在一项新的研究表明,母乳喂养没有长期的对认知能力的益处。


尽管以前的研究表明,母乳喂养对儿童的智力有积极的影响——研究人员说,这可能是因为母乳中的营养成分——现在一项新的研究表明,母乳喂养没有长期的对认知能力的益处。

都柏林大学的一个小组使用来自“成长在爱尔兰”纵向研究项目的数据研究了7,478名儿童,评估了他们在三至五岁时的认知能力。

在评估过程中,他们对孩子进行了问题解决和词汇技能测试,并对其行为进行了评估,包括他们的情绪症状、多动症和与他人的关系。

研究人员发现,在考虑了父母教育和收入等社会经济变量后,目前并没有强有力的证据表明,在婴儿时期被母乳喂养过的儿童,与非母乳喂养的儿童在认知上有差距。

“在母乳喂养和非母乳喂养儿童的认知能力和语言能力上,我们并没有发现任何统计学上的显着差异,”研究人员之一,Lisa-Christine Girard说。

但是在其中一个测试上,结果确实显示出了两种儿童的差别。

“当孩子三岁时,我们确实发现母乳喂养对减少多动症有直接影响,”吉拉德说。 “但是在五岁的时候,这个结果并没发现,这表明随着儿童生长,可能有其他因素影响更大。”

换句话说,“母乳喂养给儿童智力带来好处”的概念可能没有考虑到父母、生活方式和其他社会经济因素,这些因素也是可能影响到孩子的发展和成长的。

“如果适当地控制复杂的变量的话,母乳喂养的长期益处看起来更小或不存在,我认为(这项研究)是为这样的文献量身定做的,”没有参与研究、来自新泽西州艾塞克斯郡学院的统计学家Brooke Orosz说。

“如果我们简单地问:母乳喂养的孩子是否有更好的结果?答案是肯定的。如果问:是母乳改善了大脑,还是父母的教育程度和收入在起作用?答案就很难说。”

虽然新的研究可能无法在这个问题上提供一个明确的答案,但结果似乎表明,社会经济因素可能在扭转以前的数据方面发挥了一定作用——但是Girard的的团队并不期望这是讨论的终点。

“这个争论已经持续了100年,我们正在努力了解整体情况,”她说。/

无论如何,研究人员将继续调查母乳喂养与发育利益之间的联系(如果有的话),科学家们认为,由于母乳喂养在健康和营养上的优势已被普遍接受,新研究不应该劝阻任何想要母乳喂养的人。

当然,并不是每一位母亲都能哺乳,有很多情况都会导致母乳喂养变得困难或不可能——但是对于那些没有面临这些情况的女性来说,医生的建议是肯定的。

没有参与研究的杜克大学的儿科医生Ellie Erickson说,“有足够的证据支持母乳喂养是我们可以做的可以支持儿童的免疫系统的最健康的事情之一。"

至少在这个问题上,研究者们完全同意这一点。

研究人员在文中写道:“母乳喂养被认为有很多对母亲和孩子的医学益处,且都是有据可查的。”

“这些调查结果并不矛盾,因为母乳喂养给母亲和孩子带来的许多医学益处。”

原始出处:

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    2017-11-10 hbwxf
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    2018-02-25 feather89
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    2017-04-19 仁医06

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