Science:微生物组指导的精准医疗

2018-01-08 药明康德 学术经纬

越来越多的证据表明微生物组与宿主之间相互作用的失调会导致多种疾病,其中包括炎性肠病(inflammatory bowel diseases, IBDs), 结直肠癌,糖尿病和肝硬化。近来,最新研究颠覆了我们对细菌和癌症疗法之间相互作用的理解。例如,在临床前模型中细菌可以调节不同化疗和免疫疗法的抗癌作用。

越来越多的证据表明微生物组与宿主之间相互作用的失调会导致多种疾病,其中包括炎性肠病(inflammatory bowel diseases, IBDs), 结直肠癌糖尿病和肝硬化。近来,最新研究颠覆了我们对细菌和癌症疗法之间相互作用的理解。例如,在临床前模型中细菌可以调节不同化疗和免疫疗法的抗癌作用。从理念上讲,这意味着细菌与免疫系统的相互作用对于优化肿瘤疗法有很重要的影响。但是对人类微生物组的构成在癌症患者中对疗法结果影响的研究仍然很有限。本期《科学》杂志上发表的三篇论文表明癌症患者肠道细菌的构成会影响患者对癌症免疫疗法的反应。法国古斯塔夫·鲁西癌症校园 (Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus) 的研究人员发现抗生素的使用与患者对PD-1免疫检查点抑制剂的不良反应相关。对那些反应不良的肺癌和肾癌患者的肠道微生物组研究发现他们肠道中Akkermansia muciniphila细菌水平显着减少。在服用抗生素的小鼠中口服这种细菌可以恢复它们对免疫疗法的反应。在另外两篇论文中,德州大学MD安德森癌症中心 (University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) 和芝加哥大学 (University of Chicago) 的研究人员对接受PD-1阻断疗法的黑色素瘤患者进行了研究。他们发现对疗法反应良好的患者的肠道中有大量的 “好” 细菌,而对疗法没有反应的患者的肠道菌群构成失衡,同时免疫细胞活性受损。这一系列研究表明维持肠道细菌的健康有助于帮助患者对抗癌症,而且通过分析患者肠道细菌种群的构成可以帮助预测对免疫疗法反应良好的患者。

原始出处:

Christian Jobin.Precision medicine using microbiota.Science.05 Jan 2018:Vol. 359, Issue 6371, pp. 32-34.

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    2018-01-10 jichang
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