BMJ:地塞米松能降低非心脏手术后并发症或全因死亡率吗?

2021-06-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

接受重大非心脏手术的患者术后服用地塞米松与术后14天并发症和死亡率的显著降低无关。

全世界每年进行3亿多例大型外科手术。在欧洲的一项调查中,非心脏手术后的死亡率远高于预期,住院期间15%至25%的患者出现了重要的并发症。此外,术后并发症对功能状态和长期生存的影响较高。10%的高危患者代表了80%的术后死亡,针对高危患者的方法,即使是适度降低术后并发症的发生率,也将显著改善手术患者的长期预后,并降低成本。

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大手术会引起局部和全身炎症,这种炎症反应是组织愈合的先决条件,但如果炎症反应过度则可能发生远端器官衰竭或继发感染。在这种情况下,糖皮质激素可能是一种选择,与改善预后相关。

有两个机制可以解释为什么皮质类固醇可以降低术后主要并发症的风险。首先,地塞米松强大的抗炎作用可能会减少术后过度的炎症反应,从而导致远端器官衰竭和免疫细胞凋亡。其次,糖皮质激素也可能恢复免疫功能然而,在接受心肺手术的患者中,类固醇的使用增加了心肌损伤的风险,对房颤和术后感染的影响仍不确定。

为了评估地塞米松对重大非心脏手术后并发症或全部死因死亡率的影响,有研究者进行了一项围手术期给予皮质疗法治疗非心脏手术后发病率和死亡率(PACMAN) 的III期随机对照试验,该研究结果近日发表在BMJ杂志上。

纳入1222名成人(50岁)需要进行重大非心脏手术的患者,预计手术时间超过90分钟。受试者随机接受地塞米松(手术后即刻和第1天0.2mg/kg)或安慰剂。随机分为两个预先指定的癌症和胸部手术标准。主要结果是术后14天内的并发症或全因死亡率的综合,在改良治疗意向人群(至少给予一种治疗)中进行评估。

在接受随机分组的1222名参与者中,1184名(96.9%)被纳入改良意向治疗人群。术后14天,地塞米松组595名受试者中101名(17.0%)和安慰剂组589名受试者中117名(19.9%)出现并发症或死亡(校正优势比0.81,95%可信区间0.60-1.08;P=0.15)。在接受非胸外科手术的受试者中(n=1038),主要转归发生在地塞米松组520名受试者中的69名(13.3%),安慰剂组518名受试者中的93名(18%)(校正比值比0.70,0.50-0.99)。地塞米松组613名受试者中有288名(47.0%)出现不良事件,安慰剂组609名受试者中有296名(48.6%)出现不良事件(P=0.46)。

重大非心脏手术后14天并发症或全部原因死亡率的亚组分析

总之,在这项多中心、双盲、随机对照试验中,接受重大非心脏手术的患者术后服用地塞米松与术后14天并发症和死亡率的显著降低无关。然而,地塞米松与术前未行胸内手术的患者术后14天并发症率和全因死亡率显著降低相关。在这一人群中,呼吸并发症可能主要是由于过度的全身性术后炎症所致,而胸内手术后的肺部并发症可能与直接组织损伤引起的肺不张有关,因此可能对全身性糖皮质激素反应较弱。亚组分析结果提示胸内手术后患者慎用地塞米松。

参考文献:Effect of dexamethasone on complications or all cause mortality after major non-cardiac surgery: multicentre, double blind, randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2021; 373 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1162 (Published 02 June 2021)Cite this as: BMJ 2021;373:n1162

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    2021-09-02 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-01-28 丁鹏鹏
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1819384, encodeId=6737181938435, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=210c9941411' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非心脏手术后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99414, encryptionId=210c9941411, topicName=非心脏手术后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Fri Jul 16 09:14:55 CST 2021, time=2021-07-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849266, encodeId=1746184926697, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Sep 02 23:14:55 CST 2021, time=2021-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1758329, encodeId=1dbc1e5832967, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=84ba49031f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#并发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49031, encryptionId=84ba49031f9, topicName=并发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a27e37327108, createdName=丁鹏鹏, createdTime=Fri Jan 28 17:14:55 CST 2022, time=2022-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1819305, encodeId=c586181930532, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aba89940943' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非心脏#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99409, encryptionId=aba89940943, topicName=非心脏)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Fri Jul 23 06:14:55 CST 2021, time=2021-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=996068, encodeId=142b9960682b, content=试验设计严谨,学习中, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210704/cdd1076905df433c93873ae6d3d51aef/eae5c73864694494acb8435eb7d2e9bb.jpg, createdBy=ec7b92572, createdName=lshanp, createdTime=Sun Jul 04 12:39:23 CST 2021, time=2021-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=971388, encodeId=76529e13885f, content=棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0b2a5413512, createdName=ms5000000891015347, createdTime=Sun Jun 06 21:49:02 CST 2021, time=2021-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1251551, encodeId=91e212515515a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=874529332ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全因死亡率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29332, encryptionId=874529332ba, topicName=全因死亡率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=796422, createdName=lvliquan, createdTime=Sat Jun 05 06:14:55 CST 2021, time=2021-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1488304, encodeId=2efd148830455, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f37799413a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非心脏手术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99413, encryptionId=f37799413a6, topicName=非心脏手术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5438409695, createdName=bnurmamat, createdTime=Sat Jun 05 06:14:55 CST 2021, time=2021-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2021-07-04 lshanp

    试验设计严谨,学习中

    0

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    2021-06-06 ms5000000891015347

    0

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