JNCI:耶鲁超百万人数据提示,3D钼靶或能提高乳腺癌筛查检出率!

2021-06-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

由此可见,3D钼靶能为更好的乳腺癌筛查带来获益。

去年年底,世界卫生组织(WHO)下属国际癌症研究机构(IARC)发布数据显示,乳腺癌已超越肺癌,成为全球最常见的癌症。世界上每20名女性中就有1名在一生的某个时刻被诊断为乳腺癌。同时,乳腺癌以高达15%的死亡率位列女性癌症死亡率之首。

与所有癌症一样,越早发现就越有可能得到有效的治疗。乳腺X线造影术(乳腺钼靶检查)在乳腺癌的早诊早治上发挥了重要作用,提升了患者的生存机率与生存质量。乳腺钼靶与女性健康息息相关,也是癌症发展史上的重要一笔。

其他如断层融合摄影、MRI、超声等多种技术作为乳腺癌筛查补充方法的价值。近几年来,一种在此基础上发展的数字乳腺断层融合摄影技术(DBT,简称3D钼靶)正在兴起。然而,有关3D钼靶与传统钼靶项目之间的优劣一直是研究的重点。

2018年,来自的瑞典研究团队发表在《柳叶刀》子刊Lancet Oncology上的研究结果显示,经过五年时间对近15000名女性的筛查,3D钼靶的癌症检出率高于传统钼靶34%,而且大多数检测到的肿瘤是浸润性的。但在2019年,该刊再次发表了来自挪威的一项研究,显示两项检查技术并没有明显的检出率差异。

为了比较在乳腺癌筛查中,DBT与传统钼靶相比是否具有更高的癌症检出率和更低的召回率(指的是因查见结果异常而回到医院进行进一步检查),来自美国耶鲁大学医学院的专家开展了一项真是世界研究,旨在评估DBT的筛查结果,并描述DBT被广泛采用后对人群健康的影响特点。结果发表在最新的《美国国家癌症研究所杂志》(JNCI)杂志上。

这是一项观察性研究,评估使用2D乳房X光摄影与DBT筛查的妇女的乳腺癌筛查结果。使用了一家大型私人健康保险公司的非识别行政数据,并纳入了20151月至201712月期间筛查的40-64岁女性。使用多变量逻辑回归的患者层面分析评估人口层面采用DBT使用和结果之间关系。

结果共纳入包括4580698名妇女的7602869张乳房X光照片,其中27.5%接受了DBT。总的来说,2D乳腺摄影相比,DBT与召回率降低有关(每113.6/1000人 [99% CI = 113.0-114.2] vs 115.4 [99% CI = 115.0-115.8])。其中40-44岁的年轻女性的召回率降低更多(153/1000 [99% CI = 151-15] vs 164 [99% CI = 163-166])。

同时,与传统2D钼靶相比,DBT与较高的活检率(19.6/1000 [99% CI = 19.3-19.8] vs 15.2 [99% CI = 15.1-15.4])和较高的癌症检测率(4.9 /1000[99% CI = 4.7-5.0] vs 3.8 [99% CI = 3.7-3.9])有关。

进一步分析显示,在所有的年龄组中,3D钼靶都能提高5-12个月乳腺癌的检出率(0.52/1000 vs 0.46/1000)。

由此可见,3D钼靶能为更好的乳腺癌筛查带来获益。

 

参考文献:

Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Breast Cancer Screening among Women 40-64 Years Old. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021 Apr 3:djab063. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab063.

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该研究表明乳腺癌(BC)中缺氧长无编码RNA(lncRNA前列腺癌相关转录物6(PCAT6))的增加提高了m6A修饰的mRNA核输出,增强乳腺癌干细胞(BCSCs)的干性和多柔比星耐药性。

European Radiology:DCE-MRI时间-强度曲线的体素绘制使乳腺病变的血流动力学异质性得以可视化和量化

动态增强磁共振成像 (DCE-MR)已成为最不可缺少的序列,能够显示整个肿瘤的三维血流动力学异质性,从而可以对病变进行极好的描述和定性。