Nature Communications:为何熬夜容易猝死?熬夜打乱心脏生物钟,导致无法应对正常运转

2021-10-20 “医诺维”公众号 “医诺维”公众号

2021年10月15日,英国剑桥大学MRC分子生物学实验室的研究人员在" Nature Communications "期刊上发表了一篇题为" Compensatory ion transport b

在当今社会,熬夜已成为许多年轻人的新常态。经常熬夜会给身体带来非常大的危害,例如熬夜会引起免疫功能失调、皮肤粗糙、人体生物钟紊乱等,更严重的是,长期熬夜还会引发猝死。

生物钟,已得到科学家的广泛研究。昼夜节律赋予了人类行为和生理学的时间模式,使身体内在与外在环境的预期变化保持一致,被扰乱的昼夜节律会对健康产生影响。早期研究表明,熬夜会增加代谢紊乱、心血管疾病、精神疾病和癌症的风险。

熬夜为什么会引发猝死呢?

2021年10月15日,英国剑桥大学MRC分子生物学实验室的研究人员在" Nature Communications "期刊上发表了一篇题为" Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology "的研究论文。

该研究表明,熬夜会导致的心脏细胞生物钟与大脑生物钟不同步,从而使心脏生物钟不能预测身体的日常需求,当昼夜节律被打乱时,心血管系统可能无法应对工作生活中的日常压力,会增加不良事件的风险,如心律失常和心源性猝死。

众所周知,心脏细胞和其他组织中都存在生物钟,通常与荷尔蒙信号同步,使我们的日常节奏与昼夜循环保持一致。

在该研究中,研究人员首次证明,心脏细胞通过细胞内钠离子和钾离子水平的日常变化来调节它的昼夜节律,心脏细胞内外不同水平的钠离子和钾离子允许电脉冲引起它们的收缩并驱动心跳。

细胞离子浓度通常被认为是稳定的,但研究人员发现心脏细胞实际上会在白天和黑夜改变其内部钠和钾的水平,以适应我们的日常需求,让心脏在我们活跃时更好地适应和维持增加的心率。

心脏生物钟调节心率的日常变化

在小鼠分离的细胞和心脏组织中,研究人员发现,钠和钾的这些每日节律的发生是为了让细胞蛋白质发生变化,离子被泵出,为蛋白质水平的日常增加“腾出空间”。惊人的是,钠/钾的水平变化高达30%,这使离体心脏细胞的电活动产生了惊人的两倍变化。

钠/钾离子昼夜的水平变化

2021年4月,发表在 Nature Communications 的另一项研究表明,心率和电活动的昼夜节律在小鼠和人类中都很明显,而且行为习惯或睡眠模式的突然变化会扰乱这些正常的心律。

综上所述,研究表明,熬夜可能会导致心脏细胞内的昼夜节律与我们的行为脱钩,从而使心脏生物钟不能预测机体日常需求的波动,而对大多数人来说,需求波动在白天会更高。当昼夜节律被打乱时,这会增加不良事件的风险,如心律失常和心源性猝死。

研究人员说到,许多危及生命的心脏问题都发生在一天中的特定时间,而且更多的发生在熬夜人身上。我们认为,当心脏的生物钟与大脑的生物钟不同步时,我们的心血管系统可能无法应对工作生活中的日常压力。这可能使心脏更容易出现功能障碍。

研究人员表示,心脏功能昼夜变化的方式比以前认为的更复杂。而有助于心率的离子梯度在每天的周期中变化,这可能有助于心脏在白天应对不断增加的需求,而白天活动和心输出量的变化要比我们平时睡觉时大得多。

研究结果为心血管疾病的更有效治疗开辟了令人兴奋的可能性,例如在一天中的适当时间提供药物等。

原始出处:

Stangherlin, A., Watson, J.L., Wong, D.C.S. et al. Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology. Nat Commun 12, 6035 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25942-4.

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