Mol Psychiatry:雄性补充叶酸会拉低后代智商!

2017-05-09 王新凯 奇点网

现在很多备孕妈妈都知道怀孕期间要补充叶酸,不仅如此,很多人还认为孕前准爸爸也需要补叶酸。但最新的研究显示,雄性动物如果摄入过多富含甲基的食物,可能对后代的智商产生负面影响!

现在很多备孕妈妈都知道怀孕期间要补充叶酸,不仅如此,很多人还认为孕前准爸爸也需要补叶酸。但最新的研究显示,雄性动物如果摄入过多富含甲基的食物,可能对后代的智商产生负面影响!德国神经退行性疾病研究中心埃宁格领导的研究小组,发现孕前摄入了富含叶酸、甲硫氨酸和维生素B12的公鼠,其后代的学习和记忆测试结果比正常饲养的对照组后代要糟糕。

这也就是说,如果准爸爸们在孕前过多地补充叶酸,则有可能通过表观遗传作用对后代产生影响,尤其是智商。最新研究成果发表在近期的《自然》子刊《分子精神病学》杂志上。

在表观遗传中,DNA序列不发生变化,但基因表达却发生了可遗传的改变。DNA甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要途径,在甲基转移酶的催化下,DNA的CpG岛(胞嘧啶-磷酸-鸟嘌呤位点)中的胞嘧啶被选择性地添加甲基,有人形象地将此比喻为为DNA带上个“帽子”。

DNA甲基化能引起染色质结构、DNA构象、DNA稳定性及DNA与蛋白质相互作用方式的改变,从而控制基因表达,在胚胎发育等生物学过程中发挥着重大的作用。

甲基化反应在神经系统、免疫系统、泌尿系统和心血管系统中也起着十分重要的作用。而且甲基是合成蛋氨酸、核糖核酸(RNA)和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)等具有主要生理作用的物质所必需的基团。

但是由于动物体内自身不能合成甲基,因此生长期动物和成年动物都需要稳定的甲基供体,从而参与动物生理功能。食物来源的胆碱和甲硫氨酸是主要的甲基供体。叶酸(维生素B9)是合成S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(另一个重要甲基底物)的关键。孕期母体如果摄入的叶酸不足,则会增加神经管缺陷的风险。这是最严重也最常见的出生缺陷之一。

因此医生往往建议孕妇在怀孕前3-6个月一直到怀孕后3个月,坚持每天补充叶酸。在美国,还有强制的叶酸补给计划。除了叶酸补给,其他甲基供体如维生素B12也被广泛添加到多种食物中,包括各种功能饮料。如今,准孕妇和孕妇补充叶酸已经成为所有人都能接受的事情,叶酸也变成了大家眼中应该多吃的好东西。自然而然地也就有人认为,怀孕前准爸爸也应该补一补,而且补充的叶酸越多,孩子患缺陷的概率就越低。

叶酸是水溶性的维生素,理论上饮食中补充了过量的叶酸,也都会随着尿液排出。但是有越来越多的证据表明,孕期母体摄入高剂量的甲基供体也会对后代的健康产生不利影响。近年来就有研究表明,怀孕期间补充高剂量的叶酸可能会增加后代患哮喘、特应性皮炎和过敏的风险

那么问题来了,如果怀孕前准爸爸摄入高剂量的甲基供体,会不会也会对后代产生不利影响呢?而且近年来对于精子发生过程中的表观遗传修饰越来越受科学家重视。带着这样一种好奇,研究人员在小鼠身上做了一系列实验。在交配前6周,通过对雄性小鼠提供甲基供体丰富的饮食(富含叶酸、L-甲硫氨酸、胆碱、锌、甜菜碱和维生素B12),研究后代的生理代谢和神经功能。

实验结果显示,和对照组相比,摄入了富含甲基食物的雄性小鼠,其后代的学习能力和记忆能力均出现了改变,准确来说是出现了一定程度的认知障碍。文章还表示,小鼠的这些行为和神经功能的变化与海马体基因表达的改变相关。我们都知道,海马体位于大脑丘脑和内侧颞叶之间,属于边缘系统的一部分,主要负责长时记忆的存储转换和定向等功能,海马体受损的人常常伴有严重的记忆问题。

虽然只是动物实验,但结果已经验证了在精子发生过程中,高剂量的甲基供体环境会导致后代表观遗传上的改变。当然由于实验材料的限制,还无法确定这种影响是否会延伸到“孙子辈”。接下来,研究人员还会开展进一步实验。

研究人员表示,由于在一些国家越来越多的食物被添加丰富的甲基供体,包括对叶酸的强制补充,我们有必要认识到饮食中的甲基供体对后代神经功能的影响。健康、平衡的饮食不仅对我们的本身健康非常重要,而且也对我们的后代产生影响。

原始出处:

Ryan DP, Henzel KS, Pearson BL, Siwek ME, Papazoglou A, Guo L, Paesler K, Yu M, Müller R, Xie K, Schröder S, Becker L, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Neff F, Rácz I, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Ehninger G, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Wolf E, Wurst W, Zimmer A, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabě de Angelis M, Sidiropoulou K, Weiergräber M, Zhou Y, Ehninger D. A paternal methyl donor-rich diet altered cognitive and neural functions in offspring mice. Mol Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 4. doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.53.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792045, encodeId=bba41e9204549, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Fri Feb 09 19:47:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1322988, encodeId=484513229889f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Wed May 10 23:47:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195776, encodeId=9598195e762c, content=我的天呐,真有这种事, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 09 09:33:55 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195771, encodeId=1f20195e7171, content=适度,平衡,和谐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Tue May 09 09:29:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195770, encodeId=b4a8195e70e8, content=平衡健康的饮食对我们的健康非常重要。平衡平衡平衡重要的事情说三遍。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Tue May 09 09:27:51 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-10 晓辰
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792045, encodeId=bba41e9204549, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Fri Feb 09 19:47:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1322988, encodeId=484513229889f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Wed May 10 23:47:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195776, encodeId=9598195e762c, content=我的天呐,真有这种事, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 09 09:33:55 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195771, encodeId=1f20195e7171, content=适度,平衡,和谐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Tue May 09 09:29:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195770, encodeId=b4a8195e70e8, content=平衡健康的饮食对我们的健康非常重要。平衡平衡平衡重要的事情说三遍。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Tue May 09 09:27:51 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-09 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    我的天呐,真有这种事

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792045, encodeId=bba41e9204549, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Fri Feb 09 19:47:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1322988, encodeId=484513229889f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Wed May 10 23:47:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195776, encodeId=9598195e762c, content=我的天呐,真有这种事, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 09 09:33:55 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195771, encodeId=1f20195e7171, content=适度,平衡,和谐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Tue May 09 09:29:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=195770, encodeId=b4a8195e70e8, content=平衡健康的饮食对我们的健康非常重要。平衡平衡平衡重要的事情说三遍。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Tue May 09 09:27:51 CST 2017, time=2017-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-09 lyh994

    适度,平衡,和谐

    0

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    2017-05-09 医张生

    平衡健康的饮食对我们的健康非常重要。平衡平衡平衡重要的事情说三遍。

    0

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叶酸缺乏是先天性心脏病(CHD)的独立危险因素;然而,母体血浆的叶酸水平反而不是一个好的诊断标记。全基因组调查已经确定非叶酸代谢基因的变异型与血浆叶酸水平相关,这表明这些遗传多态性是CHD的潜在风险因素。近期,为了检查汉族人群中叶酸浓度相关变异对冠心病风险的影响,一项研究进行了三项独立的病例对照研究,包括总共1,489例CHD患者和1,745例对照。此项研究发表在杂志Circulation上。研究

Neurology:叶酸补充可以减少中风的危险

他汀类药物使用率低的高血压患者,低剂量的叶酸补充对中风的预防效果最佳

盘点:预防改善高血压有良方 你知道多少?

本文中,小编整理了多篇研究来阐明如何有效预防和改善高血压症状,分享给各位! 本文中,小编整理了多篇研究来阐明如何有效预防和改善高血压症状,分享给各位! 【1】AJH:女性孕期机体叶酸水平较高或可降低后代患高血压的风险 DOI:10.1093/ajh/hpx003 发表在国际杂志American Journal of Hypertension上的一篇研究报告中,来自国外的研究人员通

Am J Clin Nutr: 高血压患者补充叶酸可降低血尿酸

背景:补充叶酸对尿酸(UA)浓度的影响目前还没有定论。目的:研究者旨在检测高血压患者叶酸治疗降低血清UA的有效性设计:15364例高血压患者被随机分配两组,一组服用含有10毫克依那普利和0.8毫克叶酸(n = 7685)或另外一组服用10毫克依那普利(n = 7679)。主要结果是血清UA的变化,即随访UA值减去基线 UA。次要结果如下:1)控制高尿酸(治疗后UA浓度<357μmol/L)2)尿酸