不明原因腰背酸痛伴低热无力 一定要警惕这种病!

2017-08-16 蔡素筠 :《专家临床笔录丛书.内科分册》

患者45岁,因半个月来发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难入院。经查体化验诊断为结核性胸膜炎并给以抗结核治疗。患者主诉有疲乏无力感,但因医生未给予重视及详细追问,忽略了患者腰背酸痛已有半年之久,最终患者下肢完全瘫痪。该患者到底为何病?从中可以吸取哪些教训?

患者45岁,因半个月来发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难入院。经查体化验诊断为结核性胸膜炎并给以抗结核治疗。患者主诉有疲乏无力感,但因医生未给予重视及详细追问,忽略了患者腰背酸痛已有半年之久,最终患者下肢完全瘫痪。该患者到底为何病?从中可以吸取哪些教训?

患者45岁,因半个月来发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难入院。患者半月前开始觉疲乏无力、低热、未引起注意,后体温逐渐升高,达38~39℃,出现干咳,右侧胸痛,因吸气而加重,伴有盗汗,三天来出现呼吸困难,喘憋、胸闷、活动后加重,而到医院检查,门诊化验血白细胞正常,胸透有胸腔积液,而收入院诊治。

住院查体 一般情况尚好,可以平卧,体温38.2℃,血压110/70mmHg,呼吸20次/分,脉搏90次/分,皮肤无黄染、皮疹及出血点,浅表淋巴结不大,心率90次/分,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻杂音,右下肺叩浊,呼吸音减低,未闻干湿啰音及胸膜摩擦音,腹平软,无压痛,肝脾不大,无移动性浊音。

化验检查 白细胞13 ×109/L,中性粒细胞占52%,淋巴细胞占48%,血红蛋白120g/L,血小板120 ×109/L,尿常规正常,血沉78mm/第一小时,肝肾功能正常,胸片显示右侧胸腔中等量积液,左上有钙化灶,心电图正常。胸腔穿刺:胸水外观为淡黄色,微浑,比重1.20,蛋白定性阳性,蛋白定量4.5g/dl,细胞数1500 ×106/L,分类淋巴细胞占80%。

诊治经过 入院诊为结核性胸膜炎,给以抗结核治疗,体温逐渐下降,胸痛减轻。入院后10天患者出现双下肢无力,发凉,而且逐日加重,以致行走困难,腰背疼痛,当时检查胸椎局部有压痛,局部略有隆起,为除外胸、腰椎疾患而做胸腰椎X线片检查,报告为胸椎结核,寒性脓疡形成,椎体明显破坏,准备骨科手术治疗,尚未转至骨科时,患者出现下肢完全瘫痪,排尿困难,最后诊断为胸椎结核合并截瘫、结核性胸膜炎,转入骨科进行手术治疗。

误诊原因与教训

1﹒患者腰背酸痛,已有半年余,下肢无力、发麻已有两个月余,而患者自认为是着凉,劳累引起,未给以注意。医生在询问病史时,也未问到腰背疼痛史,而且体检也未做脊柱四肢检查,当X线片诊断为胸椎结核时,才发现患者胸椎下段有明显压痛和叩击痛。此次住院因发热、咳嗽、胸痛,来医院治疗,病情已拖延数月,使胸椎结核病变到严重破坏程度,引起截瘫,令人痛心,如果在半年前就引起患者注意并得到医生的全面检查,及时作骨X线检查,明确诊断,及时治疗,可能不会出现截瘫的后果。全面的体格检查是医生诊断疾病的基本功,从一般状态、皮肤黏膜、淋巴结、头颈部、胸部、腹部、脊柱四肢,一直到神经系统,不管患者主诉是哪一系统疾病,都应作全面检查,当然根据病情要有重点检查的部位。

2﹒医生在诊治病人时,还应仔细询问病史,患者主诉有疲乏无力感,应追问“无力”到什么程度,伴随什么症状,启发病人回忆疾病发生发展的过程,当然,很多疾病都会出现疲乏无力,但该患者无力到迈出1~2步都困难,而且下肢还有麻木的感觉,当时应做神经系统详细的检查。该患者结核性胸膜炎的发生,实质上是由胸椎结核引起的,原发病在胸椎病变上。

3﹒不明原因腰背酸痛,伴有低热、无力、体重下降一定要警惕脊椎结核的可能,做细致的体格检查,及时作X线检查。

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    2017-08-17 hfuym10906

    学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了

    0

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    2017-08-16 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810573, encodeId=51c618105e373, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7177854913c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰背酸痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85491, encryptionId=7177854913c, topicName=腰背酸痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Tue Aug 29 22:38:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234301, encodeId=0c192343015b, content=学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuIjZYTAgkEia1SFuoeAByVaQC8uXegibpJEV2Q7SqhpDINJicNiaU5pYicYmy5WsI8l5hDribViac2A1BQ9/0, createdBy=c36f1724608, createdName=hfuym10906, createdTime=Thu Aug 17 07:20:32 CST 2017, time=2017-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234098, encodeId=fa09234098b3, content=学习了受益匪浅。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Wed Aug 16 12:11:38 CST 2017, time=2017-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234064, encodeId=34d2234064c3, content=误诊多在于不见人、不理会患者的感受, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Wed Aug 16 09:36:05 CST 2017, time=2017-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-16 lyh994

    误诊多在于不见人、不理会患者的感受

    0