Nat Med:bTMB验证性文章今日发表,血检又进一步

2018-08-08 王一树 王一树

8月6日,基因泰克,Foundation Medicine,UC Davis和其他医学中心发表了一篇Foundation Medicine的血检bTMB文章于《Nature Medicine》,这是首个bTMB(blood TMB)的验证性文章发表,证实了血检bTMB对于免疫治疗药物疗效预测的有效性。

8月6日,基因泰克,Foundation Medicine,UC Davis和其他医学中心发表了一篇Foundation Medicine的血检bTMB文章于《Nature Medicine》,这是首个bTMB(blood TMB)的验证性文章发表,证实了血检bTMB对于免疫治疗药物疗效预测的有效性。

为什么要进行血液检测?

既往OAK研究显示TMB的结果和疗效相关。然而非小细胞肺癌通常要做诸多分子检测例如EGFR,ALK突变等,这就会导致组织标本的短缺,大约有30%的患者无法再进行标准的组织NGS检测,这时非侵入性的血检就是一个非常好的替代手段。

用组织进行TMB检测,既往已经有了和TCGA数据库进行WES的TMB检测的对比,验证了有效性。ctDNA的检测还需要进一步验证性结果,近期FDA已经批准了首个血检伴随诊断,也就是罗氏诊断的cobas EGFR突变检测v2,目前大多的血检使用PCR平台,但近期对于NGS平台检测IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%202" target="_blank">血液ctDNA的探索越来越多。

该研究进行bTMB检测,回顾了POPLAR和OAK两项研究,使用了NSCLC患者>1000例血样,来探索bTMB的cut off值和对临床疗效预测。我们知道OAK研究是atezolizumab的III期研究,已经证实了atezo组对比化疗组的OS获益,从9.6个月提升至13.8个月(HR=0.73)。

bTMB也用了杂交捕获的测序方法,这个FDA批准的F1CDx的NGS测序平台一样,对1.1Mb的基因编码区进行测序。

组织样本tTMB和血样本bTMB一致性结果

我们对比了从POPLAR和OAK研究中的组织样本与患者治疗前收集到的血样本做bTMB结果。阳性一致率百分比为64%,阴性一致率百分比为88%。

导致bTMB和tTMB差异的原因可能包括:

1)技术差别,tTMB同时计算等位基因频率≥ 0.5%的单核苷酸变异(SNV)和插入和缺失(等位基因)变化,而b TMB只计算等位基因频率≥ 0.5%的单核苷酸变异(SNV);

2)NSCLC的瘤内异质性,单个活检样本的突变表达可能和释放入血液的ctDNA表达有显着差异;

3)样本特征上可能存在差异,例如DNA来源(例如福尔马林固定石蜡包埋的组织来源的DNA与ctDNA)、收集时间、样本类型(活检与切除)、诊断阶段、组织纯度、ctDNA最大体细胞等位基因频率。(MSAF)和cfDNA输入质量,都可能导致TMB结果的差异。

同一样本不同检测平台的一致性结果

为了确定bTMB和tTMB结果的差异是否源于技术平台的差异,我们选择非试验的ctDNA样本分别用bTMB和tTMB的检测平台,观察两者差异。结果看到两者间的一致性达0.93(Spearman correlation)。

临床样本和细胞系bTMB和FACT检测对比

为了证实bTMB平台的有效性,研究还选择了临床样本和细胞系,使用bTMB和FACT(FoundationMedicine已经做过验证的一款血检NGS平台),结果发现阳性预测值为93.4%,阴性预测值为93.5%。

为了进一步对比两个平台的一致性,又对等位基因突变频率(VAFs)进行检测,结果发现两者一致性很高R2 = 0.998,但对于等位基因低频突变<1%的检测一致性较低(R2=0.6783)。

组织样本tTMB和血样本bTMB一致性

肿瘤的异质性是否会影响血液和组织TMB的检测结果呢?血液和组织中TMB计数高(>30突变)的患者中,有1/3仅在血液样本中检测到的变化,1/4的仅在组织样本中检测到的变化,其余的变化在两者中都被检测出。

tTMB对免疫治疗疗效有预测作用

本研究选择了不同cut off值,包括≥10,≥16和≥20,结果可以看出无论是PFS还是OS,对于tTMB高表达的人群均能看出能够从atezo中获益。

该平台tTMB的最佳cut off值

基于POPLAR研究队列结果,研究选择了16作为cut off值,结果可以看到,在OAK人群分析中,cut off=16计算bTMB,患者可以显着从atezo中获益。

bTMB和PD-L1标志物的关联

bTMB和PD-L1的表达不相关,均属于独立预测因子。那么将来是独立使用?还是联用?这就要看各家的策略。当然不出意外,没有药厂甚至医生喜欢联合使用生物标志物。

两个标志物与疗效的关联

研究中PFS在两个标志物重叠与非重叠部分可以看出,在bTMB ≥16 且TC3/IC3的患者,似乎从atezo治疗中获益最为显着。

bTMB的下一步

前瞻性研究:在今年ASCO上,NSCLC领域第一个bTMB前瞻性研究——B-F1RST期中分析进行了口头报告,这是在历经OAK建模、POPLAR分析后定义了bTMB≥16作为有临床意义的cut-off值,能够前瞻性独立预测OAK研究中atezo单药对2L NSCLC患者PFS的预测。中期分析结果非常好了,现在期待半年后OS的披露。

伴随诊断

目前罗氏atezo是计划用bTMB作为一线NSCLC的伴随诊断,这也是开发Foundation Medicine的bTMB平台的原因。我们知道美国FDA近期已经授予了FACT平台突破性疗法称号,以进行包含MSI和bTMB在内的血液检测。

其他平台的进展

和Foundation一样,PGDx的血检也获得了FDA给予的突破性疗法认定资格;Guardant Health在今年二月也宣布FDA授予其血检平台Guardant360加速审批资格,前几日还刚刚在上Nature Medicine发表了一项ctDNA疗效预测相关的重要研究;PGDx还致力于组织与血检TMB知识产权,还于2月独家授予MSKCC医院检测方法。

存在的问题

目前这个bTMB平台只能检测SNVs,尚未包含插入和缺失,这可能使得一些插入缺失多尔SNVs少的TMB高表达标本无法被检测出来。

不知道罗氏atezo在中国的策略是否也会选择bTMB作为一线肺癌的伴随诊断?比较Foundation Medicine在中国已经上市了。

原始出处:

Gandara DR, Paul SM, et al. Blood-based tumor mutational burden as a predictor of clinical benefit in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with atezolizumab. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0134-3.

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    2018-08-10 Luyuxie_11
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    2018-08-08 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0