骨关节炎的新疗法!

2021-12-28 August MedSci原创

骨关节炎 (OA) 是一种慢性、使人衰弱的疾病,影响着全世界数百万人。OA 的管理涉及药理学和非药理学方法。传统的药物治疗效果有限,并伴有许多副作用,限制了可以使用它们的患者数量。

骨关节炎 (OA) 是一种慢性疼痛性关节炎,是导致受影响个体残疾的主要原因。全球至少有 2.42 亿人患有髋/膝关节 OA。OA 的发病机制复杂,其缓慢演变过程涉及机械、遗传、代谢和炎症通路。OA 管理需要药理学和非药理学方法;当这些不能缓解症状时,考虑关节置换手术。非药物选择(尤其是肌肉强化)通常未得到充分利用,几十年来药物选择没有取得显着进展。然而,扑热息痛和阿片类药物的有益作用是有限的;使用关节内治疗,包括皮质类固醇,但其效果往往是短暂的。该叙述性综述将向临床医生介绍使用现有药物疗法的最新进展,并讨论目前处于高级研究阶段(至少在 II 期试验中)治疗 OA 的新疗法

针对骨骼和软骨

最近的研究未能证明双膦酸盐对膝关节 OA 的结构或症状改善。可能会改善膝关节 OA 的疼痛和结构进展,但益处很小,并且考虑到潜在的心血管风险,不太可能将其用作治疗。与安慰剂相比,Sprofermin 已证明膝关节 OA 的结构改善。转化为症状改善不太确定,正在等待 III 期试验。II 期试验的子分析表明,与安慰剂相比,lorecivivint 具有潜在的症状和结构益处,等待正在进行的 III 期试验的结果。在一项小型 II 期试验中,组织蛋白酶 K 减少了膝关节 OA 结构进展,但与安慰剂相比,6 个月内没有显示出明显的症状改善。

 

瞄准神经

关节内辣椒素已证明膝关节 OA 的症状有所改善,III 期研究正在进行中。抗 NGF 抗体已证明髋关节和膝关节 OA 的症状有所改善较高的剂量会增加发生 RPOA 的风险。这些药物可能是多年来出现的第一个新的 OA 疗法,但需要仔细评估收益-风险。正如从这些作用方式所预期的那样,这些疗法是有症状的,而不是试图改变关节结构。

 

免疫调节剂

肌内和关节内类固醇可在 OA 中提供短暂的症状益处,一种缓释关节内类固醇现已在美国获得许可。最新证据表明,羟氯喹对减轻手部 OA 患者的症状无效。与安慰剂相比,抗 TNF 药物在 OA 中没有表现出症状改善。尽管之前对 OA 中 IL-1 抑制的研究没有证明对症状或结构有益,但最近来自 CANTOS 研究的分析表明减少关节置换是有益的;需要在这方面进行更多研究。常规剂量的甲氨蝶呤已证明在 6 个月时膝关节 OA 的症状有所改善,但低剂量对手部 OA 无益。需要更多地考虑甲氨蝶呤作为一种潜在的镇痛疗法的益处。

综上所述,骨关节炎疼痛的治疗选择仍然有限。不同的关节结构已在 OA 的药物干预研究中成为目标,并取得了不同程度的成功。尽管使用软骨合成代谢剂和破骨细胞抑制剂改善了结构,但它们对症状的影响仍在研究中。最近针对膝关节 OA 中外周痛觉通路的药物的试验数据很有希望。

 

原文:Ghouri A, Conaghan PG. Prospects for Therapies in Osteoarthritis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2021;109(3):339-350. doi:10.1007/s00223-020-00672-9

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    2022-05-29 lisa438
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2026721, encodeId=ab2a2026e2129, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0b110159578' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨关节#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101595, encryptionId=e0b110159578, topicName=骨关节)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373b263, createdName=lisa438, createdTime=Sun May 29 12:38:49 CST 2022, time=2022-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1178990, encodeId=459911e899042, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5e955502689, createdName=飘渺星辰, createdTime=Thu Dec 30 21:31:35 CST 2021, time=2021-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1085115, encodeId=3f23108511509, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211228/ade354b7937d4544a057c9b00b8e078d/d3288fe9f87f4588a2355d39ba9ce170.jpg, createdBy=b7886428247, createdName=ms9000000788372073, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 15:55:36 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1266378, encodeId=3b8312663e81f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57a53011364' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关节炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30113, encryptionId=57a53011364, topicName=关节炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f90281, createdName=lmm397, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 06:38:49 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554608, encodeId=e53d15546082e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74e458559f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58559, encryptionId=74e458559f5, topicName=新疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d03114536414, createdName=kcb074, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 06:38:49 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-30 飘渺星辰

    学习了

    0

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    2021-12-28 ms9000000788372073

    学习了

    0

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    2021-12-23 lmm397
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    2021-12-23 kcb074

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