Neurology:3T MRI提示大脑皮质微梗死可造成病灶周围皮质萎缩并影响认知改变

2021-12-05 Naomi MedSci原创

大脑皮质微梗死(CMI)是脑血管病(CEVD)的一种新MRI标志物,可预测认知功能减退。研究发现CMI周围的皮质萎缩,提示在比CMI核心大许多倍的皮质区域有周边效应,CMI影响实际病变部位外大脑结构。

      大脑皮质微梗死(CMI)是一种可以在神经病理学检查中发现的小的缺血性病变。近年来,尽管神经病理学检测到的CMIS在大小、清晰度以及时间、空间分辨率上与MRI有明显的不同,但MRI已经可以在活体内检测到较大的CMI。尽管如此,两种方式探测的CMI均显示可以预测痴呆症和脑血管病(CEVD)患者的认知能力下降。

      尽管皮层萎缩可能造成一定影响,CMI与认知不良之间关系的潜在机制仍尚未完全了解。一些研究观察到CMI的存在与皮质萎缩之间的关系,据报道,有CMI患者的脑体积比没有CMI的患者小20-30毫升。尽管众所周知,单个CMI的检测表明在大脑的其余部分存在多达100-1000倍的CMI,所有这些微小病变(组织学上典型的直径小于1 mm)的总和仍不会超过1-2ml。最近的神经病理学研究表明,在小鼠中组织损伤超出了CMI核心,可能在人类中可能亦是如此。CMI周围的这种周边损伤似乎会影响到相当于CMI核心12倍的区域内的神经元功能。到目前为止,还没有研究表明皮质周围萎缩是否与活体MRI上CMI的位置有关。近日,有研究人员在临床记忆损害患者的3T MRI上检验了CMI与皮质萎缩的关系,验证了CMIS伴有皮质周围萎缩远远超出实际病变的假设。此外,还研究了皮质萎缩在这些患者CMI相关认知损害中的作用。

      研究对象为2010年12月至2013年9月在新加坡两家记忆诊所就诊的患者,他们分别被诊断为无客观认知损害、认知损害(有或无中风病史)、阿尔茨海默病或血管性痴呆。在3T MRI上测量皮质厚度、慢性皮质微梗死和脑血管病的MRI标志物。患者接受了认知测试。对CMIS患者和非CMIS患者之间的皮质厚度进行整体比较,对CMIS患者个体内的局部皮质厚度进行比较,将CMIS患者的脑区与相应的无CMIS的对侧区域进行比较,并在CMIS半径为50 mm的个体内进行局部比较。分析整体皮质厚度在CMI与认知成绩关系中的中介作用。

  • 入选的238例患者(平均年龄72.5SD9.1岁)中,75例为≥1CMIS。
  • 在对年龄、性别、教育程度和颅内体积进行校正后,CMIS患者的整体皮质厚度(B=-0.049 mm,95%可信区间[0.091;-0.007]p=0.022)比非CMIS患者低2.1%(B=-0.049 mm,95%CI[0.091;-0.007]p=0.022)。
  • 在CMIS患者中,有CMIS的大脑区域的皮质厚度比无CMIS的对侧区域低2.2%(B=-0.048 mm[-.071;-.026]p<0.001)。在CMI核心周围20 mm半径区域,皮质厚度低于距CMI核心20-50 mm区域(平均差异-0.06mm95%CI[-0.10;-0.02]p=0.002)。
  • 根据简易智力状态检查(B=-.12[-.22;-.01]p=0.025),整体皮质厚度在CMI存在和认知表现之间的关系中起着重要的中介作用(B=-.12[-.22;-.01]p=.025)。

      研究发现CMI周围的皮质萎缩,提示在比CMI核心大许多倍的皮质区域有周边效应。本研究支持CMIS影响实际病变部位以外的大脑结构的观点。

 文献来源:Ferro DA, Kuijf HJ, Hilal S, et al. Association Between Cerebral Cortical Microinfarcts and Perilesional Cortical Atrophy on 3T MRI [published online ahead of print, 2021 Dec 3]. Neurology. 2021;10.1212/WNL.0000000000013140. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013140

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    2022-11-19 yinhl1978
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    2021-12-18 chendoc252
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    2021-12-13 EmilyCBH

    👍👍

    0

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    2021-12-05 SR~young海东

    坚持学习

    0

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美国一项研究表明,中年时糖尿病预防和血糖控制有可能减轻老年时认知减退。论文12月2日发表于《内科学年鉴》[Ann Intern Med2014,161(11):785]。 研究共纳入13351例基线年龄为48~67岁的受试者,通过糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)临床分类确定未诊断糖尿病、糖尿病前期及糖尿病患者血糖控制情况。利用延迟词语回忆、数字符号替换和言语流畅测试评估认知性能。 结果为

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体检查出了腔隙性脑梗死,严重吗?

体检查出了腔隙性脑梗死,严重吗?

BMC MED:体检报告中的“腔隙性脑梗死”,居然可能是个基因病?!这些位点可能与之相关!

ICA1L、CAND2和ALDH2是引人注目的基因,可能为未来的功能研究和腔隙性脑梗的可能治疗目标提供关键提示。

Stroke:小病灶大问题,老年人体检人人都有的“白质病变”,如何服药才能延缓进程?

西洛他唑和阿司匹林对脑小血管疾病患者的WMC进展的影响没有显著差异。

总结:诊断腔隙性脑梗塞的三大误区

腔梗”即腔隙性脑梗死的简称。它是指发生在大脑深部某些缺血性微小梗死,受累的脑动脉一般直径多在3~4毫米。属于脑梗塞的一种特殊类型。

颅脑MR脑白质高信号是缺血灶吗?

脑白质疏松症:是多种不同病因引起的一组以脑室周围及半卵圆中心区脑白质的弥漫性斑点状或斑片状缺血改变为主的临床综合征。