EBioMedicine:胰腺癌转移倾向的关键机制

2020-03-16 MedSci MedSci原创

EBioMedicine最近发表相关文章,指出PDAC表现出明显的转移倾向。逃避原发性肿瘤的这种偏爱是由旁分泌和自分泌机制驱动的,这些机制指导癌细胞通过多步骤过程完成,包括在远处组织中定植。尽管细胞内

EBioMedicine最近发表相关文章,指出PDAC表现出明显的转移倾向。逃避原发性肿瘤的这种偏爱是由旁分泌和自分泌机制驱动的,这些机制指导癌细胞通过多步骤过程完成,包括在远处组织中定植。尽管细胞内在特征支持癌细胞的转移能力,但主要器官内和远处转移部位的允许微环境可能是限速的。调节这些环境形成的癌细胞外源性因子的鉴定为干预转移级联反应提供了新的治疗靶标。另外,免疫系统在转移过程中的双极但基本的作用提供了治疗机会。

PDAC转移是一个多步骤过程。癌细胞必须侵入其局部微环境才能渗入血液,然后在渗入器官实质建立转移性集落之前先进入遥远的器官。转移过程由一组协调的信号引导,这些信号会聚以指示癌细胞从基底膜分离,侵入周围组织并渗入血液,并在其中扩散为弥散性癌症单元(DCC)。为此,在确定癌细胞从原发组织逃逸并随后播种并定居远处组织的能力中,允许的肿瘤微环境和远处的器官可接受位是至关重要的。在这里,我们讨论了关键决定因素,包括癌细胞产生的旁分泌信号,这些决定因素协调了转移过程并解决了非恶性细胞在促进癌细胞转移中的作用。

 

原发肿瘤中癌细胞的外流使它们暴露于免疫识别和潜在的消除状态。因此,DCC必须拥有逃避免疫系统的策略。为此,进入远处器官的DCC必须通过巨噬细胞逃避吞噬作用,巨噬细胞可以作为一线步兵来保护远处器官免受恶性细胞侵袭。除了逃避先天免疫系统的组成部分之外,DCC还必须避免被肿瘤特异性T细胞清除。DCC在远端器官中播种和定植是转移过程的最后阶段。在癌症发展期间,宿主器官通过触发促转移的利基环境的形成,对癌症发展过程中释放的炎症信号作出反应。这种利基市场是DCC播种的“土壤”。肝脏是PDAC中最常见的远处转移器官。成功播种远处器官的DCC必须决定是进入休眠状态还是尝试定植和生长的过程。该决定受癌细胞内在和外在机制的调节。

了解癌症转移过程的目的是为生物学提供指导,以指导预防,控制和治疗转移的策略的开发。

我们建议根据疾病和宿主特征分配转移的相对风险,即所谓的转移评分,可能有助于对最受益于靶向转移级联的治疗策略的患者进行分层。

 

 

在胰腺癌转移领域,许多机制仍然难以捉摸。促进休眠的肿瘤细胞唤醒的机制仍不清楚。将肿瘤从活动状态转变为休眠状态的潜力也尚不清楚。

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    2021-02-25 linagood
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    2020-05-09 kalseyzl
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    2020-10-25 sunylz
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    2020-11-28 jeanqiuqiu
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    2020-03-16 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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