Cancer Cell:有氧运动可重编程免疫系统,增强胰腺癌抗肿瘤免疫

2022-08-15 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

据WHO最新数据,胰腺癌是2020年中国发病人数第7的癌症(2020年预计新增12万),死亡人数第6的癌症(2020年预计死亡12万)。

胰腺癌(Pancreatic Cancer),是一种恶性程度很高,诊断和治疗都很困难的消化道恶性肿瘤,其中胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)占全部胰腺癌的95%以上。

近年来,胰腺癌发病率和死亡率明显上升,胰腺癌早期的确诊率不高,发现时往往已是晚期,此时癌细胞已经扩散,一些化疗药物虽然有效,但通常会产生耐药性,癌症免疫疗法也难以发挥作用。胰腺癌的5年生存率不足7%,是预后最差的恶性肿瘤,因此也被称为“癌中之王”。

据WHO最新数据,胰腺癌是2020年中国发病人数第7的癌症(2020年预计新增12万),死亡人数第6的癌症(2020年预计死亡12万)。

2022年6月2日,纽约大学格罗斯曼医学院的研究团队在国际顶尖肿瘤学期刊 Cancer Cell 发表了题为:Exercise-Induced Engagement of the IL-15/IL-15Rα axis Promotes Anti-Tumor Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer 的研究论文。

该研究发现,有氧运动可以重编程免疫系统,抑制胰腺癌肿瘤生长并增强抗肿瘤免疫力。该研究还揭示了运动产生的抗肿瘤和免疫激活作用对 IL-15 信号通路的依赖性。

该研究证明了 IL-15 的药理学激活可改善小鼠模型生存期并增加胰腺肿瘤对免疫疗法和化学疗法的敏感性。这些发现确定了一种具有临床应用潜力的治疗胰腺癌的运动/免疫方式。

运动可以促进对 IL-15 敏感的 CD8 T 细胞的存活,并使它们归巢到小鼠胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)肿瘤的数量增加一倍,由此产生的这种效应 T 细胞已被其他研究证明能够杀死癌细胞。

在这项最新研究中,研究团队使用低强度跑步机跑步来模拟有氧运动,让患有缓慢进展胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)小鼠模型进行每周5次,每次30分钟的低强度跑步运动。结果显示,这种运动有效缓解了肿瘤发生,肿瘤形成率降低了50%。而在另一组小鼠模型中,小鼠移植了肿瘤后12天开始运动,结果肿瘤重量减少了25%。这些研究结果表明,有氧运动在胰腺导管腺癌的肿瘤起始阶段和肿瘤进展过程中,都能发挥抗肿瘤作用。

接下来,研究团队与 MD 安德森癌症中心的研究人员合作,在人类胰腺癌患者中进行了验证,他们发现,那些在进行胰腺癌切除手术前运动的患者,他们的 CD8 效应 T 细胞数量更多,这些 T 细胞表达一种称为颗粒酶B(GZMB)的蛋白质,赋予杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力。而另一项开始于2017年临床试验显示,那些运动并拥有更多 CD8 效应 T 细胞的患者5年生存率高出50%。

该论文的第一作者 Emma Kurz 表示,这项研究首次表明有氧运动是如何影响胰腺肿瘤内免疫微环境的。这项研究有助于揭示胰腺癌中 IL-15 信号转导的激活可能是未来一种重要的治疗方法。

在过去几年里,随着 IL-15 信号在肿瘤中的作用变得愈发清晰,有研究人员试图通过直接输注 IL-15 来治疗癌症,但不幸的是,这增加了全身炎症损伤的风险。之后,有研究开始把目光放到了位于 T 细胞和 NK 细胞表面的 IL-15 的受体蛋白——IL-15Rα。IL-15 和 IL-15Rα 之间的关系就像钥匙与锁。有新药候选药物通过模仿这些“钥匙与所”相互作用,传递信息以激活靶细胞。

制药巨头诺华公司一直在开发一种“超级激动剂”药物——NIZ985,旨在增强 IL-15/IL-15Rα 通路信号,降低有害炎症效应的可能性。但这种方法尚未在大量胰腺癌患者中进行测试。

在这项研究中,他们发现无论是有氧运动还是使用诺华公司开发的超级激动剂”药物——NIZ985 治疗,都可以提高化疗和免疫检查点抑制剂(抗PD-1单抗)治疗的效果。

免疫检查点抑制剂的出现,改变了癌症治疗格局,但却对胰腺导管腺癌没什么效果。在这项研究中,他们发现,单独使用抗 PD-1 单抗治疗,能够将小鼠胰腺肿瘤中对 IL-15 敏感的、杀伤肿瘤的 CD8+T 细胞的数量增加66%。而当与运动结合时,增加了175%。此外,研究团队还发现,IL-15 的超级激动剂 NIZ985 与抗 PD-1 单抗联合治疗,能够将晚期胰腺癌小鼠存活率提高100%。

该研究的领导者 Dafna Bar-Sagi 表示,这项研究表明运动和相关的 IL-15 信号能够改善耐药性胰腺癌对免疫疗法的反应。即便只是低强度运动也能十分深刻地改变肿瘤微环境,也说明运动在治疗胰腺癌这种致命肿瘤中的潜力。

据悉,基于这项研究结果,研究团队正在合作开展一项人体临床试验,评估运动对胰腺癌患者的免疫影响。此外,研究团队还计划继续探索 IL-15 的超级激动剂与化疗药物联用治疗胰腺癌的效果。

 

原始出处:

Emma Kurz, et al. Exercise-induced engagement of the IL-15/IL-15Rα axis promotes anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell, 2022.

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    2022-12-08 维他命
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    2022-08-15 明天jing

    有氧运动与无氧运动应该一直有争议,二者对健康的作用有差别,但是也应该有度(时间)的关系,过度运动可能并不合适,尤其是无氧运动。

    0

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