IEEE trans:使用可穿戴惯性传感器评估中风幸存者的上肢损伤水平

2021-06-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

中风是导致长期残疾的主要原因。大约60%的中风幸存者在急性期患有上肢偏瘫,在慢性期表现出明显的功能损害。这些损伤会导致日常生活活动的困难和生活质量的下降。中风后损伤最有效、最常见的治疗方法是康复,旨在

中风是导致长期残疾的主要原因。大约60%的中风幸存者在急性期患有上肢偏瘫,在慢性期表现出明显的功能损害。这些损伤会导致日常生活活动的困难和生活质量的下降。中风后损伤最有效、最常见的治疗方法是康复,旨在促进中风患者上肢的运动练习,从而刺激神经可塑性和功能恢复。亚急性和慢性中风幸存者的门诊康复是一个持续数月到数年的持久过程,在此期间,临床医生需要评估患者的损伤或功能水平,以跟踪康复进展和处方疗法的有效性。评估由经过培训的临床医生进行,通常包括一系列评分的运动任务。每项评估对患者和临床医生来说都是一项负担,因为任务可能需要30分钟才能完成。

本研究旨在通过引入一种基于单个、最小负担的运动任务和两个可穿戴惯性传感器(一个佩戴在中风患肢手腕上,另一个佩戴在胸骨上)的方法来估计中风幸存者的上肢损伤,从而最小化可穿戴感测评估的仪器和任务负担。受试者重复两次一到两分钟长的随机运动任务。分析了腕部相对于受试者面对方向的三维(3D)运动(由胸骨传感器确定)。三维随机腕关节运动被分解为一系列具有零初始和终末速度的一维点到点运动。在这项工作中,通过研究运动元素的多维属性是否可用于估计FMA(一种更广泛接受的上肢损伤度量)来扩展这一结果。本文采用一种基于密度的无监督聚类算法来识别运动元素之间的相似性和差异性,提取代表运动元素形态特征及其一致性的数据特征,并使用有监督机器学习来评估被试患者的FMA。

招募了23名中风患者。8名受试者表现为右偏瘫,其余受试者表现为左偏瘫。四名受试者处于亚急性期,其余受试者处于慢性期(即中风后6个月或更长时间)。所有受试者都是右利手。中风幸存者在受中风影响的手腕上安装一个九轴惯性测量单元(IMU),在胸骨上安装第二个IMU。受试者在一分钟到两分钟(115分钟)的活动范围内进行连续、随机(无意义和无模式)、自愿(计划和控制的)上肢运动。受试者舒适地坐在椅子上开始任务,并允许在任务期间旋转躯干。研究人员展示了一段预先录制的简短视频,视频中一个人在做随机动作。受试者完成两次重复的任务,每次重复之间休息5分钟。使用手腕的速度时间序列来表示三维上肢运动。使用制造商提供的基于传感器融合的专有算法,将陀螺和磁读数相结合,生成时间序列。使用基于密度的聚类算法DBSCAN识别同质运动元素。为了估计由FMA测量的受试者损伤水平,使用Leave One subject Out Cross Validation(LOSOCV)技术训练和评估回归模型。

Fig. 1. - (a) A research staff member demonstrating the random movement motor task. (b) The pre-processing pipeline for extracting one-dimensional movement elements from the three-dimensional acceleration time series captured by the wrist-worn inertial measurement unit. (c) The machine learning pipeline for estimating subject upper-limb impairment (i.e., the Fugl-Meyer Assessment).

研究流程图

本文使用一种新的分解方法将复杂的三维上肢运动分割成组成的一维运动单元。本方法是一种有希望的途径,可以实现低负荷的损伤评估,因为它只使用两个传感器,而且只需要几分钟随意任务。运动分解和聚类分析可以用于从复杂的三维运动数据中提取临床相关特征。聚类显示,中风幸存者产生了一大部分类似于钟形、点到点运动的运动元素,类似于之前工作中在神经健康受试者身上观察到的那些运动元素。区分密集齐次集合和稀疏离群值集合在确定损伤时是有用的,通过特征选择算法识别的这些特征反映了文献中提到的中风幸存者的运动学特征。所有运动元素的行进距离的四分位范围与受试者在进行自愿性运动时产生具有广泛空间距离的运动元素的总体能力有关。损伤通常与有限的运动范围有关,这可能导致患者无法产生各种距离的亚运动。

与受损程度较轻的受试者相比,受损程度较高的受试者产生的某些运动元素具有更尖锐的峰值。这一特征可能与连续手腕运动的急动有关,相当于运动元素的时间串联。=异常值集中运动元素峰值速度的平均位置可能与运动可变性以及CNS如何衡量探索新的运动模式与利用已知模式=有关。尤其是,更多受损的受试者可能更喜欢利用已知的模式来克服他们的运动缺陷,从而导致异常运动元素的对称分布。另一方面,受损程度较轻的受试者可能能够探索更广泛的模式,同时仍能实现其目标,从而导致异常值运动元素的不对称分布。然而,需要额外的实验来检验异常运动元素对上肢性能的作用,这仍然是未来重要的工作。进一步的工作需要能从日常生活活动中上肢运动的短暂爆发中提取有用的特征。

B. Oubre et al., "Estimating Upper-Limb Impairment Level in Stroke Survivors Using Wearable Inertial Sensors and a Minimally-Burdensome Motor Task," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 601-611, March 2020, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2020.2966950.

 

 

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    2022-02-21 bsmagic9140
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    2021-06-05 mjldent
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    2021-06-04 sunjieli2008

    不错

    0

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    2021-06-04 guging

    中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧

    0

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    2021-06-03 言西早

    中风是导致长期残疾的主要原因。

    0

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