三篇Nature文章揭示CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑取得重大进展

2016-04-22 生物谷 生物谷

大多数人类遗传病是由于点突变---DNA序列上的单个碱基错误---导致的。然而,当前的基因组编辑方法不能够高效地校正细胞中的这些突变,而且经常导致随机的核苷酸插入或删除(insertions or deletion, indel)。 如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国哈佛大学的研究人员对CRISPR/Cas9技术进行改进,构建出一种新的“碱基编辑器(base editor)”,并且避免

大多数人类遗传病是由于点突变---DNA序列上的单个碱基错误---导致的。然而,当前的基因组编辑方法不能够高效地校正细胞中的这些突变,而且经常导致随机的核苷酸插入或删除(insertions or deletion, indel)。

如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国哈佛大学的研究人员对CRISPR/Cas9技术进行改进,构建出一种新的“碱基编辑器(base editor)”,并且避免这些问题的发生。在人细胞系和小鼠细胞系中,这种碱基编辑器永久性地和高效地将碱基胞嘧啶(C)转化为碱基尿嘧啶(U),同时具有较低的编辑错误发生率。相关研究结果于2016年4月20日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage”。

美国加州大学伯克利分校基因组学创新计划科学主任Jacob Corn(未参与者这项研究)说,“在人体的任何一个地方,都有大量的遗传病存在,这些遗传病本质上是由于碱基换入或换出。”

在此之前,CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑方法一直依赖于一种被称作同源重组修复(homology-directed repair)的细胞机制,其中这种修复是由基因组DNA上的双链断裂触发的。科学家们给细胞导入一种含有目标序列的DNA模板,并利用酶Cas9在这种细胞的基因组靶位点上进行切割,导致基因组发生双链断裂,然后等待一段时候后观察这种同源重组修复是否将这种模板整合到基因组中,将双链重新连接在一起。不幸的是,这种方法是低效率的(整合很少发生),而且经常在断裂点附近以随机indel的形式引入新的碱基错误,从而使得它不适合用于点突变的治疗性地校正。

因此,在哈佛大学化学家和化学生物学家David Liu的领导下,研究人员尝试了一种不同的方法。首先,他们让Cas9部分失活,使得它不能够在细胞基因组上产生双链断裂。他们然后让Cas9与一种被称作胞苷脱氨酶的酶偶联在一起,这样就可在不用切割DNA的情形下,直接催化C变成U(本质上等同于胸腺嘧啶T)。将这种偶联物导入细胞中,会在细胞基因组靶位点上产生一对错配的碱基对:一条链上新产生的U与另一条链上初始碱基G错配。Liu解释道,“这种[错配]让DNA发生扭曲。它在DNA上产生一个有趣的但看起来并不正常的小凸起。”

这种凸起触发一种不同的细胞修复机制,即错配修复,这个修复机制移除错配碱基对(U-G)中的一个,然后用与剩下的碱基互补的碱基进行替换。在不知道哪个碱基是正确的情形下,错配修复产生所需的G→C转换的概率是50%,另外,U→C转换的概率也是50%。

但是当模板信息可获得时,错配修复确实还会进一步整入这种信息:它检测到DNA骨架上被称作缺口的小片段断裂。Liu说,“细胞已进化出错配修复机制来优先考虑旧有的DNA链而不是新合成的DNA链。新合成的DNA链往往存在一些缺口。因此,我们有理由相信我们可能能够操纵错配修复来偏好地校正我们不想要的DNA链,也就是含有G的那条DNA链。”

研究人员为此再次对Cas9进行基因改造,这次改造的目的在于让它能够在不进行基因编辑的含G的DNA链上产生缺口,同时让需要进行基因编辑的含U的DNA链保持完整。Liu说,“这时,细胞会说,‘哈,这里存在一个碱基错配,发生错误的碱基肯定是G,这是因为含G的DNA链存在缺口,而被细胞认为是新合成的DNA链。’它将偏好地对碱基G进行校正,同时校正时利用另外一条链作为模板。”

通过在人细胞的基因组中的6个位点上使用这种技术,研究人员报道,正确的碱基校正率高达37%,同时只有1%左右的序列发生indel。相反,在其中的三个位点上,利用正常的Cas9编辑技术进行测试,正确的校正率不到1%,而且4%以上的序列发生indel。研究人员还利用这种技术在小鼠细胞中将与阿尔茨海默病相关联的APOE基因的一个高风险变异体转换为低风险的基因版本,证实了这个技术校正疾病相关性突变的潜力。

Corn说,“通过对这种Cas9进行基因改造,他们找到一个非常好的方法诱骗细胞偏好选择它通常并不偏好选择的修复途径。”然而,他提醒道,由于这种方法当前只能够将碱基对C-G转化为U-A(亦即T-A),而且在一些情形下,它还会对与靶位点靠得很近的其他碱基C进行编辑,“因此,它当然不是灵丹妙药。这并不意味着你如今能够治疗每种遗传病。但是很可能将有不少遗传病可利用这种方法加以治疗。”

英国牛津大学Tudor Fulga将这种技术称为“一种构思非常巧妙的想法”,可以规避低效率的同源重组修复和降低不想要的indel产生。他告诉《科学家》杂志,“我认为这将会在这个领域引发观念转变。这种基于Cas9的碱基编辑方法很可能会产生非常巨大的影响,不论是在解答基础研究问题的情形下,还是在基于基因组改造的治疗应用方面。”

与此同时,还有两篇文章同一天出现在线Nature期刊上。这两篇文章都涉及Cas9的一种潜在替代者:Cpf1酶。CRISPR/Cpf1在细胞基因组靶位点上进行切割,产生“粘性末端(sticky end)”---切割的DNA上存在的突出末端,在DNA双链断裂位点的两边留下未配对的碱基---而不是利用Cas9切割DNA双链产生的平头末端(blunt end)。

在其中的一篇文章中,来自德国马克斯普朗克感染生物学研究所的Emmanuelle Charpentier和同事们证实不同于Cas9,Cpf1除了切割DNA外,还对RNA进行加工。相关研究于2016年4月20日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“The CRISPR-associated DNA-cleaving enzyme Cpf1 also processes precursor CRISPR RNA”。

在另外一篇文章中,来自中国哈尔滨工业大学生命科学与技术学院的黄志伟(Zhiwei Huang)教授和同事们解析出CRISPR/Cpf1的晶体结构。相关研究于2016年4月20日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“The crystal structure of Cpf1 in complex with CRISPR RNA”。

黄教授告诉《科学家》杂志,“在细胞中进行DNA修复时,粘性末端要比[平头末端]更加高效。我们认为[理解] Cpf1的结构将有助我们不仅知道Cpf1的工作机制,而且也有助设计更加特异性的和更加高效的基因组编辑工具。”

相关文献:

Komor AC, Kim YB, Packer MS, Zuris JA, Liu DR. Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. Nature. 2016 Apr 20. doi: 10.1038/nature17946

Dong, Ren K, Qiu X, Zheng J, Guo M, Guan X, Liu H, Li N, Zhang B, Yang D, Ma C, Wang S, Wu D, Ma Y, Fan S, Wang J, Gao N, Huang Z. The crystal structure of Cpf1 in complex with CRISPR RNA. Nature. 2016 Apr 20. doi: 10.1038/nature17944.

Alexis C. Komor, Yongjoo B. Kim, Michael S. Packer, John A. Zuris & David R. Liu.Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. doi:10.1038/nature17946

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createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 16:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881002, encodeId=d958188100223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950104, encodeId=74b1195010404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15504, encryptionId=f98b15504d8, topicName=RISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Fri Aug 05 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82794, encodeId=632582e94f8, content=非常重要的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=183, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0d231626576, createdName=jjzouyan, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 09:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275868, encodeId=462812e5868a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341230, encodeId=122613412303a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c45226b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5226, encryptionId=e9c45226b3, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365002, encodeId=7f3213650023d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585950, encodeId=e7541585950e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8f2a17339944, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624765, encodeId=e5ab1624e6596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-04 liye789132251
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814499, encodeId=474b181449930, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 06:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783808, encodeId=8d831e838081f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aca952284d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5228, encryptionId=aca952284d, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 16:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881002, encodeId=d958188100223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950104, encodeId=74b1195010404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15504, encryptionId=f98b15504d8, topicName=RISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Fri Aug 05 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82794, encodeId=632582e94f8, content=非常重要的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=183, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0d231626576, createdName=jjzouyan, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 09:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275868, encodeId=462812e5868a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341230, encodeId=122613412303a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c45226b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5226, encryptionId=e9c45226b3, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365002, encodeId=7f3213650023d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585950, encodeId=e7541585950e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8f2a17339944, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624765, encodeId=e5ab1624e6596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814499, encodeId=474b181449930, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 06:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783808, encodeId=8d831e838081f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aca952284d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5228, encryptionId=aca952284d, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 16:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881002, encodeId=d958188100223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950104, encodeId=74b1195010404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, 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encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341230, encodeId=122613412303a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c45226b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5226, encryptionId=e9c45226b3, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365002, encodeId=7f3213650023d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585950, encodeId=e7541585950e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8f2a17339944, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624765, encodeId=e5ab1624e6596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-26 jjzouyan

    非常重要的发现

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814499, encodeId=474b181449930, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 06:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783808, encodeId=8d831e838081f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aca952284d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5228, encryptionId=aca952284d, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 16:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881002, encodeId=d958188100223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950104, encodeId=74b1195010404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, 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encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341230, encodeId=122613412303a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c45226b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5226, encryptionId=e9c45226b3, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365002, encodeId=7f3213650023d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585950, encodeId=e7541585950e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8f2a17339944, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624765, encodeId=e5ab1624e6596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-24 yuandd
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814499, encodeId=474b181449930, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 06:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783808, encodeId=8d831e838081f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aca952284d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5228, encryptionId=aca952284d, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 16:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881002, encodeId=d958188100223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950104, encodeId=74b1195010404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15504, encryptionId=f98b15504d8, topicName=RISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Fri Aug 05 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82794, encodeId=632582e94f8, content=非常重要的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=183, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0d231626576, createdName=jjzouyan, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 09:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275868, encodeId=462812e5868a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341230, encodeId=122613412303a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c45226b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5226, encryptionId=e9c45226b3, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365002, encodeId=7f3213650023d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585950, encodeId=e7541585950e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8f2a17339944, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624765, encodeId=e5ab1624e6596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814499, encodeId=474b181449930, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 06:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783808, encodeId=8d831e838081f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aca952284d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5228, encryptionId=aca952284d, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 16:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881002, encodeId=d958188100223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950104, encodeId=74b1195010404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15504, encryptionId=f98b15504d8, topicName=RISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Fri Aug 05 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=82794, encodeId=632582e94f8, content=非常重要的发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=183, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0d231626576, createdName=jjzouyan, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 09:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275868, encodeId=462812e5868a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341230, encodeId=122613412303a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c45226b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5226, encryptionId=e9c45226b3, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365002, encodeId=7f3213650023d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1585950, encodeId=e7541585950e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed041850a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组编辑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41850, encryptionId=7ed041850a1, topicName=基因组编辑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8f2a17339944, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624765, encodeId=e5ab1624e6596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-24 respect
  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814499, encodeId=474b181449930, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 06:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1783808, encodeId=8d831e838081f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aca952284d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5228, encryptionId=aca952284d, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 16:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881002, encodeId=d958188100223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950104, encodeId=74b1195010404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, 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encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341230, encodeId=122613412303a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c45226b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5226, encryptionId=e9c45226b3, topicName=CRISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1365002, encodeId=7f3213650023d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  10. 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Sun Apr 24 05:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-24 柳叶一刀

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