王淑颖:抗菌药物管理及集束化感控措施下CRE防控实践

2018-01-26 整理:陈松婷 SIFIC2017全国感控年会

近年来,随着耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)感染发生率在院内感染所占比例逐渐升高,CRE已经成为关注的热点,有文献报道血液病患者CRE感染与患者死亡密切相关。因此,CRE的院内防控对于阻断其传播,保障病人安全至关重要!那么在国内医院没有足够单人病房的情况下,如何早期发现CRE?如何切实有力干预以避免院内传播?如何治疗?来自杭州市第一人民医院感染科王淑颖主任通过现实之实战告诉你怎么做。

近年来,随着耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)感染发生率在院内感染所占比例逐渐升高,CRE已经成为关注的热点,有文献报道血液病患者CRE感染与患者死亡密切相关。因此,CRE的院内防控对于阻断其传播,保障病人安全至关重要!那么在国内医院没有足够单人病房的情况下,如何早期发现CRE?如何切实有力干预以避免院内传播?如何治疗?来自杭州市第一人民医院感染科王淑颖主任通过现实之实战告诉你怎么做。



集束化控制措施是趋势

以往经验证明,单独一项耐药菌防控措施不足以阻断耐药菌的院内传播,应执行一系列的感控措施,即bundle(集束化)措施来阻断耐药菌在院内的传播。

无论是国际上如2015年美国CDC《Summary Of Prevention Strategies For Acute And Long Term Care Facilities》,还是2016年国内多位专家共同撰写的《广泛耐药革兰阴性菌感染抗菌治疗专家共识》,均指出:手卫生、接触隔离、患者安置、减少侵入性装置使用、改进抗菌药物使用、筛查是控制院内耐药菌传播的重要措施。对于CRE防控来说,抗菌药物使用严加管控、主动筛查是非常重要且独有的防控措施。



CRE感染之临床实践

血液科在一周之内发现3例CRE病例,院感科介入调查并采取集束化感控措施干预,具体如下:

一、病历资料

表1  3例CRE患者病历资料



二、查找、发现问题



三、分析环境卫生学监测结果



四、CRE集束化防控措施



主动筛查,保护易感人群:在血液科做主动筛查,效果不尽如人意。

五、 多部门协同、团结一心、信念一致



多部门需要大力协作,依据分工不同,各司其职:



集束化感控措施实施效果

1、严格特殊类抗菌药物使用管控,取得良好效果

事件发生之后,医院对特殊类抗菌药物使用严格管控,制定特殊级抗菌药物临床审核制度,院感科参与特殊类抗菌药物审批。会诊制度实施2个月后,每天减少了35.6%的使用人次。审核流程如下:



2、实施集束化感控措施干预后,血液科CRE感染病例明显下降

小结

王主任通过一起CRE感染病例聚集事件的处理实战,获得宝贵的感控经验,从而证实了CRE防控需要多部门协同多个环节的防控,尤其隔离措施必须真正落实到位,而隔离的落实根据医院、科室、患者感染的风险、后果不同而不同,故主动筛查对于CRE防控意义重大,利于早期诊断和防控,而抗菌药物合理使用才是预防CRE产生的关键。

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    2018-01-28 lhlxtx
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    2018-01-28 HinsMax

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