上腹痛反复发作5年,病因难断?且看超声内镜下如何诊断

2020-07-16 杨秀疆 陈柯 杨卫生 复肿内镜

急性胰腺炎常见的病因包括胆石症、酒精性、高脂血症和肿瘤等。但有一种类型的胰腺炎,病情反复,且通过各种检查手段都难以找到明确病因,那么应该怎么办?希望通过今天这个病例,能够让大家认识到超声内镜(EUS)

急性胰腺炎常见的病因包括胆石症、酒精性、高脂血症和肿瘤等。但有一种类型的胰腺炎,病情反复,且通过各种检查手段都难以找到明确病因,那么应该怎么办?希望通过今天这个病例,能够让大家认识到超声内镜(EUS)在复发性胰腺炎中的诊断意义,减少误诊。

病例分析

患者男性,53岁,反复上腹痛5年。

五年前患者无明显诱因下出现上腹部胀痛,当地医院查血淀粉酶600U/L,增强CT提示胰腺体尾部饱满,胰管稍扩张,考虑急性胰腺炎。予以对症处理后好转。之后因腹痛症状反复,平均发作每年2-3次,均无明显诱因,当地医院就诊考虑“慢性复发性胰腺炎”,先后接受经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)+胰管支架置入术3次。

每次胰管支架植入后患者症状得到明显的缓解。可是好景不长,2018年12月患者因再发“急性胰腺炎”就诊。

增强CT:胰管支架置入状态,胰管较前显著扩张;

环扫EUS:胰腺回声增粗,胰管扩张,未见支架,考虑为慢性胰腺炎;

进一步行ERCP+SpyGlass见:胰管扩张,乳头似见胶冻样物质,胰管黏膜充血,表面不平。

考虑胰腺导管内乳头状瘤(IPMN)?慢性胰腺炎?再次行胰管支架置入术,术后胰腺炎症状发作较前频繁,平均每月1次。患者为求进一步治疗入院。

病史特点

1.复发急性胰腺炎,特发性;
2.胰管扩张呈进行性加重;
3.早期胰管支架可缓解症状,脱落后症状反复;
4.近期支架置入效果不佳。

影像资料

既往影像资料:

我院EUS所见:


胰管全程扩张,内部见支架在位

主胰管内可见大量絮状黏液样结构,体部部分胰管呈犬牙样交错,管壁上可探及多发偏低回声结节

注入造影剂囊壁上低回声结节出现强化信号,程度弱于胰腺实质

EUS诊断分析

主胰管型IPMN,癌变?

病例思考

患者反复胰腺炎发作,影像学表现为主胰管的扩张,既往诊断考虑为慢性胰腺炎,然而病因不明。

近期胰腺炎发作较前明显频繁,胰管支架置入效果不佳,说明存在其他因素导致的胰管的高压状态。进一步纵轴EUS观察到导管内的大量粘液和结节,因此符合典型的主胰管型胰腺导管内乳头状瘤(IPMN),癌变不除外。

手术病理

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN,肠型,主胰管型为主)伴浸润性癌,癌的成分为胶样癌,最大径7mm。

经验总结

急性胰腺炎常见的病因包括胆石症、酒精性、高脂血症和肿瘤等。据统计,大约20%的患者通过各种检查手段无法找到明确的病因,病情常常反复,临床上称之为特发性胰腺炎。

对于这些复发性胰腺炎的患者绝大部分已经接受过一轮甚至数轮的影像学检查,但结果多数是阴性的。而我院中心实践经验表明,多数患者往往是由于胰胆管存在某一变异或异常改变,如胰腺导管上皮内瘤变(PanIN,显微镜下直径小于0.5cm)、胰腺导管内乳头状瘤(IPMN,显微镜下直径大于1cm)、胰腺导管内管状乳头状瘤(ITPN)等。

这些细微改变形成后可以直接堵塞胰管,或分泌粘液等造成胰管的引流不畅,引起胰酶的过多蓄积和胰腺自身消化,这就是导致急性胰腺炎的重要原因。

IPMN:是由于被覆高柱状上皮化生导致粘液过多生成,同时上皮分泌离子功能缺陷,导致粘液稠厚阻塞胰管形成囊肿。根据累及的胰管不同,可以分为主胰管型(MD)、分支胰管型(BD)、混合型(Mix-type)。其中主胰管型生长在主胰管内,导致主胰管连续性扩张;分支胰管型生长在与主胰管相同的分支胰管内,故仅导致分支胰管扩张成囊样,而主胰管一般不扩张。

对于主胰管型IPMN临床上表现为复发性胰腺炎,容易和慢性胰腺炎混淆。

其诊断的关键是,在扩张的主胰管中可以看到粘液样结构、附壁结节。而慢性胰腺炎可出现主胰管扩张,多数可见高回声胰管结石形成,胰腺实质萎缩,呈小叶样网格样改变。利用EUS的动态个性化扫查才能真正的将病变细微结构显示出来,找到胰腺炎的真正病因。

总之,对于复发性胰腺炎,胰管扩张,放置胰管支架可缓解症状,但始终不能忽略对病因的鉴别诊断。如何选择有利的诊断工具是关键。

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    2021-03-19 1482963am12暂无昵称

    非常不错的病历,学习了

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    2020-07-16 ms9000000269519448

    学习了

    0

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该研究的结果无法证明急性胰腺炎与使用亚硫酰胺之间存在关联。

Clinical Trans Gastroenterology:胃泌酸调节素可以用于诊断2型糖尿病急性胰腺炎后的新发糖尿病

新发糖尿病是急性胰腺炎的严重后遗症,但尚无生物标志物可将其与更为常见的2型糖尿病区分开。本项研究的目的是探究餐后肠道激素水平是否可以达到此区分疾病的作用。

Clini Trans Gastroenterology: 激活素A可调节急性胰腺炎的炎症反应并预测疾病预后

急性胰腺炎(AP)的死亡率很高,目前的治疗仅限于支持治疗,因此,非常需要研究疾病驱动因素和预后指标。激活素A是一种炎症反应介质,其血清水平与AP严重程度相关。

Am J Gastroenterology: 环氧合酶-2抑制剂可以预防重症急性胰腺炎

治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)仍然是一个巨大的挑战。有数据表明,使用COX-2抑制剂可以减轻环氧合酶2(COX-2)在急性胰腺炎和实验性胰腺炎中的过度表达。这项研究旨在评估选择

J Rheumatol:急性胰腺炎后痛风与糖尿病的关系

胰腺炎后痛风与PPDM的关系是双向的。痛风病史是PPDM的危险因素,特别是在女性中。

吃着吃着竟进了医院,这个病需要警惕了!

门诊患者,男,40岁,腹痛、腰痛来我院就诊,临床医生给患者检查了肝肾功能、血脂血糖等检验项目。患者抽血送来检验科,同事离心标本之后,发现严重的奶油样脂血。但是血脂项目需要原倍样品上机检测,发现ALT、