Cancer Cell:科学家掌握了癌症的“进化史”,攻克癌症不再是难题!

2017-08-15 Heather_z727 来宝网

能够预测肿瘤细胞对药物的耐药性或敏感性是癌症精确治疗的关键成功因素。但是,这样的预测是很难做到的,因为肿瘤的基因改变随着时间的推移而动态变化,而且通常是相互依赖的,这是一种缺乏了解的模式。

【掌握癌症的进化,个性化治疗癌症】能够预测肿瘤细胞对药物的耐药性或敏感性是癌症精确治疗的关键成功因素。但是,这样的预测是很难做到的,因为肿瘤的基因改变随着时间的推移而动态变化,而且通常是相互依赖的,这是一种缺乏了解的模式。

瑞士洛桑大学生物信息学研究所最近的一项研究为预测癌症的耐药性提供了一个很有前景的框架,他们预测了大约500种已知肿瘤改变,以及它们对超过200种常见癌症药物的反应。发表在《癌症细胞》上的研究表明,虽然基因改造的某些共同作用会使肿瘤细胞对特定药物产生耐药性,但也会使它们对其他意想不到的药物敏感。

癌症是一种不断变化的疾病,它通过出现和选择新的基因改变而进化。为了将特定的药物与这种改变相匹配,并预测它们的反应,就需要了解变化是如何相互依存,并在肿瘤中共同发生的。

研究人员表示:“如果你把基因改造视为食品,那么癌细胞就不是一堆被困在冰箱里的产品,而是精心设计的晚餐菜单,在这些菜单中,菜肴的组合和味道都是匹配的。”

在此次研究中,研究人员能够研究肿瘤的变化是如何相互依赖的,以及这些依赖性如何决定癌症的进化。他们提供了一份关于500个已知肿瘤改变和一个强有力的理论框架的相关性图,以预测这种改变的共同发生,以及他们对超过200种常见癌症药物的预期反应。

研究小组发现,基因组改变的某些依赖性可能会使肿瘤细胞对特定药物产生耐药性,而同时也是“阿喀琉斯之踵”,让它们对其他意想不到的药物过敏。例如,通过分析1000个细胞株的数据,研究小组可以预测,当基因突变和RNF43的突变发生时,细胞对vx - 680(一种抑制细胞增殖的极光激酶的药物)变得敏感。

因此,作者提出了一种新的关于癌症进化的思考方式:“与疾病相关的基因改变并不是随机选择的,而是完全基于它们的单一效应,但结合进化来最大化它们的协同作用。”为了证明他们的发现,研究小组使用了来自癌症基因组图谱的最全面分子数据集,其中包括来自23种肿瘤类型的6,456个人类肿瘤样本。这类癌基因依赖性图谱是改善个性化治疗方法设计的关键第一步,可以作为功能和临床前研究的参考。

原始出处:Marco Mina, Franck Raynaud, Daniele Tavernari, et al.  Conditional Selection of Genomic Alterations Dictates Cancer Evolution and Oncogenic Dependencies. Cancer Cell, 2017.

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    2018-05-26 维他命
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    2017-08-16 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

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    2017-08-15 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

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    2017-08-15 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    世界难题,攻克癌症指日可待。

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