Cell :突破!巨噬细胞“吃掉”心脏喷出来的“废物”,维持心脏代谢平衡等过程

2020-09-16 枫叶 iNature

心肌细胞经受跳动的心脏的强烈机械应力和代谢需求。目前尚不清楚这些寿命长且很少更新的细胞是否能自行维持体内稳态。巨噬细胞的主要功能是通过吞噬作用消除不需要的物质。健康的生物每天死亡数十亿个细胞,但在组织

心肌细胞经受跳动的心脏的强烈机械应力和代谢需求。目前尚不清楚这些寿命长且很少更新的细胞是否能自行维持体内稳态。巨噬细胞的主要功能是通过吞噬作用消除不需要的物质。健康的生物每天死亡数十亿个细胞,但在组织中几乎检测不到凋亡或死细胞。吞噬作用的非典型形态也存在,其中含有功能失调的细胞器的细胞碎片被弹出以进行处置,并在中枢神经系统中得到了最广泛的描述。心脏中是否存在类似机制,即经受高新陈代谢或机械应激的器官,仍待探索。

2020年9月15日,José A. Nicolás-ávila等人在Cell 在线发表题为“A Network of Macrophages Supports Mitochondrial Homeostasis in the Heart”的研究论文,该研究分析驻留在健康心肌中的巨噬细胞时,发现它们活跃地吸收了来自心肌细胞的物质,包括线粒体。心脏巨噬细胞的耗竭或吞噬受体Mertk的缺乏会导致心肌组织中线粒体的消除功能缺陷,炎性体的激活,自噬功能受损,心肌细胞中异常线粒体的蓄积,代谢改变和心室功能障碍。

总之,该研究通过心脏巨噬细胞主动消除心肌源性线粒体和其他物质的鉴定建立了常驻吞噬细胞如何促进整体组织动态平衡的范例。在某些情况下,心脏功能障碍可能是由于驻留的免疫细胞而不是心肌细胞的缺陷引起的,这一概念对心脏病的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。

现在已知巨噬细胞具有与免疫无关的组织特定任务。这些功能在心脏中尤为突出,已显示出组织驻留巨噬细胞可预防纤维化,促进房室结的电传导,或有利于受伤区域的愈合。功能未知的巨噬细胞也分布在健康心脏的其他区域,包括心室心肌,表明心脏驻留巨噬细胞具有更广泛的稳态功能。

巨噬细胞的主要功能是通过吞噬作用消除不需要的物质。健康的生物每天死亡数十亿个细胞,但在组织中几乎检测不到凋亡或死细胞。吞噬作用的非典型形态也存在,其中含有功能失调的细胞器的细胞碎片被弹出以进行处置,并在中枢神经系统中得到了最广泛的描述。心脏中是否存在类似机制,即经受高新陈代谢或机械应激的器官,仍待探索。

文章模式图(图源自Cell )

心肌细胞在功能上高度专业化,在结构上是独特的。它们显示出较大的尺寸和紧密的细胞器分布,包括线粒体,这些细胞器占据了大部分细胞体积,并满足了心脏强烈的新陈代谢和机械需求。这些要求对于心肌细胞也具有挑战性,因为它们在成年心脏中的周转率极低,表明可能已经形成了支持心肌细胞功能的专用机制。

在这里,该研究表明心肌细胞通过线粒体和其他物质在亚细胞小泡中的弹出部分地解决了这些挑战。巨噬细胞通过受体Mertk对这些囊泡的有效吸收反过来防止了废物的细胞外积聚,炎性体活化和自噬阻滞,完全支持心脏的体内平衡。

总之,该研究通过心脏巨噬细胞主动消除心肌源性线粒体和其他物质的鉴定建立了常驻吞噬细胞如何促进整体组织动态平衡的范例。 在某些情况下,心脏功能障碍可能是由于驻留的免疫细胞而不是心肌细胞的缺陷引起的,这一概念对心脏病的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。

原始出处:

José A. Nicolás-ávila,Ana V. Lechuga-Vieco,Lorena Esteban-Martínez,et al.A Network of Macrophages Supports Mitochondrial Homeostasis in the Heart.cell.Published:September 15, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.031

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    2021-01-27 爆笑小医
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    2020-09-25 咻凡

    目前尚不清楚这些寿命长且很少更新的细胞是否能自行维持体内稳态。巨噬细胞的主要功能是通过吞噬作用消除不需要的物质。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871977, encodeId=6a5818e197782, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Mar 28 02:57:28 CST 2021, time=2021-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962278, encodeId=44b019622e800, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 00:57:28 CST 2021, time=2021-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888245, encodeId=b9de88824543, content=目前尚不清楚这些寿命长且很少更新的细胞是否能自行维持体内稳态。巨噬细胞的主要功能是通过吞噬作用消除不需要的物质。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b58d5402080, createdName=咻凡, createdTime=Fri Sep 25 11:42:08 CST 2020, time=2020-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887956, encodeId=6c2988e95604, content=该研究通过心脏巨噬细胞主动消除心肌源性线粒体和其他物质的鉴定建立了常驻吞噬细胞如何促进整体组织动态平衡的范例。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae205385871, createdName=Lexi, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 14:17:32 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1337221, encodeId=2052133e22171, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f4c251404aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏代谢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51404, encryptionId=f4c251404aa, topicName=心脏代谢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIUEDhSibBFt8TicgFCCSBtW10SxVJicDpibTCucns8L1YaiaKpibWOkv8hYpJ0LeTVUH1Ab4sfica9bxiccA/132, createdBy=dd282500126, createdName=ms3830150583600765, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 07:57:28 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=885834, encodeId=cc578858347d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200729/2ee0ca079ce64987b1195eb6aa20a1f4/ae923a98c9704879bacdc81d9fa7479a.jpg, createdBy=a3ab5398909, createdName=ms6000001113694287, createdTime=Wed Sep 16 18:22:13 CST 2020, time=2020-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-24 Lexi

    该研究通过心脏巨噬细胞主动消除心肌源性线粒体和其他物质的鉴定建立了常驻吞噬细胞如何促进整体组织动态平衡的范例。

    0

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    2020-09-16 ms6000001113694287

    学习了

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