Nutrients:全球有1.7亿人受老年黄斑变性的影响,枸杞可能预防视力丧失

2022-01-18 K.K MedSci原创

枸杞是一种天然的食物来源,可以改善健康参与者的黄斑色素,而不是服用大剂量的营养补充剂

全球有1.7亿人受到老年黄斑变性的影响,其中,美国患疾病的人约有1100多万,老年黄斑变性(AMD)是全球第三大致盲原因,也是老年人视力丧失的主要原因。加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校发表在近期的《Nutrients》杂志上的一项小型随机试验发现,定期食用一小份干枸杞可能有助于预防或推迟健康中年人的老年黄斑变性(AMD)的发生该研究旨在考察摄入富含玉米黄素的枸杞对健康人的黄斑色素密度(MPOD)和类胡萝卜素的影响。

Xiang Li et al, Goji Berry Intake Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial, Nutrients (2021). DOI: 10.3390/nu13124409

 

在中国医学中,枸杞子据说有"明目"的功效。营养生物学项目的博士生李翔在中国北方长大,对 "明目"是否有任何生理特性感到好奇。她研究了枸杞中具有生物活性的化合物,发现它们含有大量的叶黄素和玉米黄素。叶黄素、玉米黄素和内消旋玉米黄素(玉米黄素的异构体)组成了黄斑色素,它们是抗氧化剂且可以过滤蓝光,进而保护视网膜和视力。

黄斑色素密度(MPOD)是评估黄斑中叶黄素/玉米黄素浓度的指标,以光密度为单位,数值范围在0和1之间。黄斑色素密度与老年黄斑变性、2型黄斑毛细血管扩张症、糖尿病视网膜病变、Stargardt病等眼底疾病及全身相关性眼底疾病均有较密切的相关性,可以应用于疾病诊断、临床分期、随访、治疗效果、预后评判因素等方面。

该研究的共同作者、眼科和视觉科学系副教授Glenn YiuYiu说:"老年黄斑变性会影响你的中央视野,并影响阅读或识别面部的能力。老年性黄斑变性的原因是复杂的、多因素的,关系到遗传风险、年龄及环境因素(如吸烟、饮食和阳光照射)。老年性黄斑变性的早期阶段是无症状的;在定期的综合眼科检查中,医生可以发现AMD和其他眼睛疾病问题。”

本项随机性研究纳入了27名45-65岁的参与者,他们食用28克(约一把)枸杞或含有6毫克L和4毫克Z(LZ)的补充剂,每周五次,为期90天。

研究人员发现,90天后,在13名枸杞组中,参与者眼睛中的保护性色素密度增加。相比之下,在同一时期,14名食用眼睛健康补充剂的参与者并没有显示出增加。此外,枸杞组的类胡萝卜素在第45天和第90天明显增加,但在补充剂组没有增加。目前对老年性黄斑变性中间阶段的治疗使用特殊的膳食补充剂AREDS,它含有维生素C、E、锌、铜以及叶黄素和玉米黄素。目前还没有任何已知的疗法被证明可以影响老年黄斑变性的早期阶段。

 

(a) 摄入三个月的枸杞,在第90天与基线和第45天相比,增加了0.25度视网膜偏心处的黄斑色素密度。

(b) 与基线和第45天相比,三个月的枸杞摄入增加了1.75度视网膜偏心处的黄斑色素密度。

 

因此,在健康的中年人群中定期摄入枸杞,增加黄斑色素密度可能有助于预防或推迟老年黄斑变性的发生。

"叶黄素和玉米黄素就像眼睛里的防晒霜。视网膜中的叶黄素和玉米黄素越高,保护就越多。研究发现,即使在正常健康的眼睛里,这些光学色素也可以通过每天少量的枸杞来增加。"李翔说。

研究显示,枸杞是一种天然的食物来源,可以改善健康参与者的黄斑色素,而不是服用大剂量的营养补充剂但是研究规模很小,还需要更多的研究。"Yiu说。

参考文献:

Xiang Li et al, Goji Berry Intake Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial, Nutrients (2021). DOI: 10.3390/nu13124409

 

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    2022-01-22 ms2000000518921303

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    2022-01-20 DECTE

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    2022-01-20 huangdf
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    2022-01-20 muzishouyi
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    2022-01-18 黄小乖

    👍🏻

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    2022-01-18 病毒猎手

    枸杞泡起来!

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