Metab Eng:用西红柿治帕金森?英国科学家开发改良版西红柿,有望成为帕金森病药物来源

2020-12-28 学术头条 生物探索

西红柿作为一种健康食品,富含维生素A、维生素C、以及胡萝卜素和钙、铁、锌、等多种元素,对降低胆固醇的含量,预防高血脂症非常有益处。但是你能想象西红柿有朝一日会被用来治疗帕金森病吗?

对于减肥或者健身的人群来说,无论你对自己的食谱的设计多么苛刻,西红柿肯定是你的不二之选。

西红柿作为一种健康食品,富含维生素A、维生素C、以及胡萝卜素和钙、铁、锌、等多种元素,对降低胆固醇的含量,预防高血脂症非常有益处。

但是你能想象西红柿有朝一日会被用来治疗帕金森病吗?

近日,由英国诺维奇研究园(Norwich Research Park)代谢生物学和生物化学系教授Cathie Martin 与其合作者,开发了一种转基因西红柿,可提供治疗帕金森病的药物。

相关工作以 “Metabolic engineering of tomato fruit enriched in L-DOPA” 为题发表在 Metabolic engineering 杂志上。

帕金森病治疗的困境

据不完全统计,截至 2015 年,全球约有 620 万人患有帕金森病,并造成 11.7 万人死亡。其中 60 岁以上的老人是该病的高发群体,因此帕金森病也被称作 “老年人杀手”。

但不幸的是,帕金森病目前无法治愈,大家熟悉的拳王阿里,曾经叱咤拳坛,无奈罹患此病,也只能肢体僵硬,手脚震颤地度过晚年,让人不胜唏嘘。

而在当前的医学治疗中,通常以改善症状为主要治疗方式,在病情初始阶段使用左旋多巴(L-DOPA),配合使用多巴胺激动剂进行治疗。

L-DOPA 也被称为 Levodopa 或 L-3,4 - 二羟基苯丙氨酸,是一种非标准氨基酸。自 1967 年作为一种药物问世以来,一直是治疗帕金森病的黄金标准药物。它也是世界卫生组织(WHO)宣布的基本药品之一,其市场价值高达数千亿美元。

然而帕金森病在发展中国家是一个日益严重的问题,许多人并负担不起每天 2 美元的合成 L-DOPA 价格。尤其是那些失去劳动能力的老年人。

显然,Cathie Martin 等人的研究成果对于这些处于困境的患者来说无疑是一棵救命稻草。

研究人员表示,我们可以用相对较少的基础设施来种植这种西红柿,并以相对较低的成本将其扩植。这样一来,这种转基因西红柿将使这种昂贵的药品在发展中国家能够负担得起。

通常来说,药物的合成方式有化学合成,也有天然来源。Cathie Martin 团队选择采用能够产生 L-DOPA 的西红柿来源,还有望消除化学合成 L-DOPA 所产生的恶心、呕吐等不良影响。

可能大家会问,在天然来源中只有少数植物可进行基因合成操作。为什么在这些有限的植物中,偏偏选中了西红柿?

为什么是西红柿?

在有限可以积累 L-DOPA 的植物来源中,研究最多的不是西红柿而是刺毛黧豆(Mucuna pruriens),其种子中含有高达 10% 的 L-DOPA。

可这种来源植物远非理想选择,刺毛黧豆覆盖黧豆毛刺,会在收获农作物的田间工作者中引起刺激和过敏反应,而豆类本身还含有高水平的色胺(Tryptamine),可能导致帕金森病患者产生幻觉。

为了探索增加积累 L-DOPA 植物品种的可能性,科研人员引入了甜菜素 (betalains) 生物合成途径中将酪氨酸 (tyrosine) 转化为 L-DOPA 的酶,从而产生了富含 L-DOPA 的西红柿果实。

对西红柿果实中L-DOPA水平进行分析

研究表明,可从约 1 千克该改良版西红柿中生产 150 毫克 L-DOPA。同时,研究人员对比发现,增加西红柿中 L-DOPA 水平还可以延长保质期。这与其基因表达改变后增强抗氧化能力、减少细胞壁降解、收获后硬度提高以及疾病易感性降低有关。

论文作者之一 Dario Breitel 博士表示:“我们已经证明可以使用转基因西红柿作为 L-DOPA 的来源。这进一步证明了西红柿是合成生物学的最优选择之一。”

原始出处:

Dario Breitel,Paul Brett,Saleh Alseekh, et al.Metabolic engineering of tomato fruit enriched in L-DOPA.Metab Eng. 2020 Nov 23;S1096-7176(20)30181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.11.011.

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    2021-01-24 一闲
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    2021-09-25 guojianrong
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    2021-04-18 spoonycyy
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    2020-12-30 ms6000000608694589

    可惜崔脊梁们千方百计阻止中国发展转基因农作物

    0

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    2020-12-29 phoebeyan520

    认真学习

    0

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    2020-12-29 莉莉安 Lillian C.

    厉害了…

    0

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    2020-12-29 lovetcm

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