新治疗靶点——癌细胞能量代谢途径

2011-01-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

   第33届圣安东尼奥乳腺癌会议(SABCS)在美国圣安东尼奥召开,从本次大会内容看,在乳腺癌靶向治疗、干细胞、循环肿瘤细胞、腋窝淋巴结评估、新药研发等方面均有新进展。   12月9日上午,美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院的邓(Dang)教授作了首场全体大会报告《癌细胞代谢与癌症治疗》,其内容令人耳目一新。   Dang首先回顾了癌细胞的代谢特点。一切细胞包括癌细胞的代谢都需要三

   第33届圣安东尼奥乳腺癌会议(SABCS)在美国圣安东尼奥召开,从本次大会内容看,在乳腺癌靶向治疗、干细胞、循环肿瘤细胞、腋窝淋巴结评估、新药研发等方面均有新进展。

  12月9日上午,美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院的邓(Dang)教授作了首场全体大会报告《癌细胞代谢与癌症治疗》,其内容令人耳目一新。

  Dang首先回顾了癌细胞的代谢特点。一切细胞包括癌细胞的代谢都需要三磷酸腺苷(ATP)作为燃料。由于癌细胞生长迅速而往往局部缺氧,其代谢必定具有缺氧的特征。葡萄糖及氨基酸均是细胞重要的能量来源,在缺氧状态下,两者最终合成ATP离不开乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)、谷氨酸转氨酶(GPT)、谷氨酰胺酶(GLS)等酶。然而,缺氧状态下细胞合成的ATP数量远远不能和有氧状态下相比,癌细胞必定有增加ATP产量的相应途径以满足其迅速生长的需求。研究表明,癌基因的异常激活可能是其中一个重要因素。

  以伯基特(Burkitt)淋巴瘤为例,其常见的myc基因异常激活导致LDHA合成异常增高,使癌细胞在缺氧状态下能产生大量ATP以满足自身能量需求。同时,myc基因的激活也大大增强谷氨酰胺代谢而产生ATP。细胞模型表明,正是myc基因的激活使癌细胞对葡萄糖及谷氨酰胺均产生了依赖,在无葡萄糖或无谷氨酰胺的状态下其生长受到抑制。因此,myc基因激活-LDHA/谷氨酰胺代谢增高-ATP合成增加-癌细胞增殖这一途径已经比较明确,推广到其他癌基因也可能成立。

  如此,癌细胞代谢途径中的各处关键点便可能成为新治疗靶点,如上述LDHA、GLS、GPT。理论上,阻断这些酶就可能有效切断癌细胞的能量来源,从而使其死亡而不影响以有氧代谢为主的正常细胞。基于此理念的基础研究初步证实了LDHA抑制剂及GLS抑制剂在动物模型中的抗肿瘤活性。[3320201]

  点评

  Dang的报告从全新的角度提出了癌症靶向治疗的新思路,并且前期研究结果已初步证实其可行性。随着研究的不断深入,这种新思路最终可能为我们带来对付恶性肿瘤的新型靶向药物,其前景十分诱人

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    2011-01-12 yxch36
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