CSCRS 2014:掌握结直肠癌临床生物学特性,实现个体化治疗

2014-06-25 姜旭晖 整理 报道 中国医学论坛报

当前,越来越多的临床医生关注结直肠癌">结直肠癌个体化治疗问题,沈琳教授开场便提出以下临床常见问题:结肠、直肠癌治疗一样吗?左、右半结肠癌治疗一样吗?粘液腺癌与非粘液腺癌治疗一样吗?哪些临床特征与结直肠癌分子分型有关,与药物选择有关?小编和现场听众一起带着问题来了解结直肠癌临床生物学特性差异对治疗决策的影响。 生物学行为的异质性决定必须实施个体化治疗 结直肠癌的生物学行为具有明显的异质性

讲者:北京大学肿瘤医院 沈琳教授

当前,越来越多的临床医生关注结直肠癌">结直肠癌个体化治疗问题,沈琳教授开场便提出以下临床常见问题:结肠、直肠癌治疗一样吗?左、右半结肠癌治疗一样吗?粘液腺癌与非粘液腺癌治疗一样吗?哪些临床特征与结直肠癌分子分型有关,与药物选择有关?小编和现场听众一起带着问题来了解结直肠癌临床生物学特性差异对治疗决策的影响。

生物学行为的异质性决定必须实施个体化治疗

结直肠癌的生物学行为具有明显的异质性,以我国数据为例,直肠癌发病率明显高于结肠癌,左、右半结肠癌无论 在临床特征、分子分型、治疗选择还是疾病转归方面均不相同(右半结肠癌女性多见、高龄者多见、分化差;左半结肠癌分期晚;乙状结肠癌分化较好、分期较早、预后好;晚期右半结肠癌患者相对左半结肠癌生存状况差,对治疗反应不佳)。

异质性同样存在于组织病理学分型,粘液腺癌是一个比较特殊的疾病群体,其多发生于右半结肠和年轻女性,在转移途径、对药物的治疗反应(一线治疗疗效较差)、疾病转归、患者生活质量改变等方面均与非粘液性腺癌完全不同。

临床医生正逐渐意识到结肠癌不是一个单一的疾病,而是一组疾病,如何进行疾病的分型,值得思考。目前得出的初步结论显示,结直肠癌的异质性与其不同的胚胎起源、好发部位、年龄分布、人种差异均有关。不同部位的结直肠癌人口学特征、预后、生存状况也不同,即使相同分期的结直肠癌患者生存状况也各有差异。因此,掌握结直肠癌的分子分型,对实施个体化治疗显得尤为重要。

个体化治疗指导药物选择

虽然结直肠癌靶向治疗药物众多,遍布一线、二线、三线和跨线治疗,但许多药物的使用仍然存在争议。沈教授认为,个体化治疗是大势所趋,在此契机之下,靶向药物的全球化研究会得以迅速开展。沈教授还提到了EORTC 40983研究(一项关于结直肠癌肝转移患者围术期新辅助治疗的研究),此项研究表明左半结肠癌患者与右半结肠癌相比,接受新辅助治疗后的获益更大,她相信此研究会对左半结肠癌肝转移患者治疗决策的制定产生一定程度的影响。

大数据技术助力个性化治疗

结直肠癌分型联盟(CRCSC)是应用大数据建立亚型联合检测的范例,其基于多中心合作并分享研究数据。基于现有患者标本的收集和分析,揭示了4种生物学独特亚型的复发信号,进一步充实了关键临床特征、分子学特征、通路特性等对疾病的影响,同时也揭示出其对预后的影响。沈教授认为,虽然目前各亚组分型的临床和生物学关联之间仍存在交叉,不能完全满足个体化治疗的要求,但是其后续相关研究必将改变结直肠癌患者整体治疗策略的制定。

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    2014-06-27 cathymary
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