Nature:止痛剂药物研发面临安慰剂效应窘境

2015-10-12 佚名 生物谷

制药公司面临一个棘手的问题:目前越来越难从临床试验中发现新的止痛药物,然而原因并不在于药物本身的质量下降。一项临床一期的研究结果显示,对照组的实验结果也变得越来越好,因此难以证明患者的治疗效果是由于药物作用而非安慰剂效应。这一安慰剂效应的严重性是由加拿大的研究者们从美国的一项临床试验中调查得出的,该研究由加拿大McGill大学的痛觉遗传学家Jeffrey Mogil领导。他们发现在这一临床试验中,

制药公司面临一个棘手的问题:目前越来越难从临床试验中发现新的止痛药物,然而原因并不在于药物本身的质量下降。一项临床一期的研究结果显示,对照组的实验结果也变得越来越好,因此难以证明患者的治疗效果是由于药物作用而非安慰剂效应。

这一安慰剂效应的严重性是由加拿大的研究者们从美国的一项临床试验中调查得出的,该研究由加拿大McGill大学的痛觉遗传学家Jeffrey Mogil领导。他们发现在这一临床试验中,安慰剂效应产生的治疗效果几乎与药物治疗达到的效果相当。

之前的抗抑郁药物与抗精神疾病药物的临床试验中就已经发现了强烈的安慰剂效应,这引发了学界对于止痛药物临床试验中是否存在安慰剂效应的热烈讨论。为了研究清楚这一问题,Mogil等人检查了从1990年到2013年间的84项慢性神经疼痛的临床试验结果。

根据疼痛等级分类,接受试验的药物对疼痛症状的缓解效果在23年间几乎未有增长。但安慰剂效应却不断提高。1996年,研究者们发现药物治疗效果比安慰剂处理高27%,然而到2013年,他们发现这一差别缩小到9%。而这一现象仅仅发生在美国境内的临床试验,欧洲,亚洲等国家的临床试验都没有出现这一现象。

这一结果可以说明为何制药公司越来越难从试验中得到令人满意的止痛药物了。来自意大利Turin大学的神经学家Fabrizio Benedetti教授指出最近十年用于治疗癌症带来的神经疼痛临床试验均未成功。

关于安慰剂效应近景发生在美国境内并不令人感到意外,一个可能的解释是广告对消费者的冲击带来的夸大影响。这些广告提高了患者对于药物治疗效果的预期,从而引发了强烈的安慰剂效应。

Mogil等人的数据改变了长久以来界内进行临床试验的基本假设,即安慰剂对照。一般来说鉴定一类药物是否有效关键在于比较它与安慰剂对患者的治疗效果是否有显著差异。然而,Mogil等人发现即使近些年来安慰剂效应不断增长,而药物的治疗效果却未见增加。

他们认为安慰剂与药物反应并不是严格的相关。Mogil认为从分子机制上来讲安慰剂与药物在治疗患者痛觉反应上时一致的,即都是通过释放脑部的内啡肽实现的。如果是这样,那么安慰剂效应掩盖了药物的实际作用也就不足为奇了。"许多接受安慰剂治疗的患者认为他们服用的是真正的药物,因此也会通过神经调控的方式一定程度上减轻痛觉反应"。

制药公司对此的解决方式在于选择更好的对照组药剂来代替安慰剂进行实验。或者将临床试验的规模缩小,降低人们的预期。然而最佳的颁发仍是寻找更加有效的药物。

另外,Mogil认为也应该探究安慰剂效应的内在分子机制。如果成功的话,我们还可以得到治疗疼痛的非药物治疗手段。

原始出处:

Jo Marchant.Strong placebo response thwarts painkiller trials.Nature.Oct 6, 2015.doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18511

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    2020-06-30 唐宋

    很棒

    0

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    2016-09-15 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,值得拜读

    0

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    2016-04-17 liye789132251
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800533, encodeId=5b7a800533b0, content=很棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 10:14:45 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127137, encodeId=828712e137a2, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880833, encodeId=97c3188083364, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 17 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980773, encodeId=aefb1980e7376, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2f2a631644f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63164, encryptionId=2f2a631644f, topicName=止痛剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 10:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47533, encodeId=73d34e5339f, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c10c75714, createdName=zhuzhuba1, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1299888, encodeId=f685129988811, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed5ee332423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73324, encryptionId=ed5ee332423, topicName=研发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aea0290, createdName=lqvr, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301425, encodeId=26141301425ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa308e8307e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物研发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87830, encryptionId=aa308e8307e, topicName=药物研发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304321, encodeId=5e12130432171, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405497, encodeId=5c37140549e98, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=597b631634d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63163, encryptionId=597b631634d, topicName=止痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8da42553722, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-09 cooco
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800533, encodeId=5b7a800533b0, content=很棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 10:14:45 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127137, encodeId=828712e137a2, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880833, encodeId=97c3188083364, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 17 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980773, encodeId=aefb1980e7376, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2f2a631644f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63164, encryptionId=2f2a631644f, topicName=止痛剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 10:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47533, encodeId=73d34e5339f, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c10c75714, createdName=zhuzhuba1, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1299888, encodeId=f685129988811, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed5ee332423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73324, encryptionId=ed5ee332423, topicName=研发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aea0290, createdName=lqvr, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301425, encodeId=26141301425ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa308e8307e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物研发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87830, encryptionId=aa308e8307e, topicName=药物研发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304321, encodeId=5e12130432171, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405497, encodeId=5c37140549e98, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=597b631634d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63163, encryptionId=597b631634d, topicName=止痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8da42553722, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-24 zhuzhuba1

    0

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    2015-10-13 lqvr
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800533, encodeId=5b7a800533b0, content=很棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 10:14:45 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=127137, encodeId=828712e137a2, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 15 07:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880833, encodeId=97c3188083364, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Apr 17 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980773, encodeId=aefb1980e7376, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2f2a631644f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63164, encryptionId=2f2a631644f, topicName=止痛剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbcc223, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Sat Apr 09 10:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47533, encodeId=73d34e5339f, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c10c75714, createdName=zhuzhuba1, createdTime=Thu Dec 24 19:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1299888, encodeId=f685129988811, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed5ee332423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73324, encryptionId=ed5ee332423, topicName=研发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aea0290, createdName=lqvr, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1301425, encodeId=26141301425ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa308e8307e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物研发#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87830, encryptionId=aa308e8307e, topicName=药物研发)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304321, encodeId=5e12130432171, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405497, encodeId=5c37140549e98, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=597b631634d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63163, encryptionId=597b631634d, topicName=止痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8da42553722, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 23:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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