Allergy:用于预防特应性皮炎的润肤剂效果研究

2021-09-26 医路坦克 MedSci原创

特应性皮炎/湿疹(AD)是最常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,影响多达30%的儿童。除非有进一步的证据支持,否则不支持使用石油类润肤剂和一般润肤剂作为 AD 的一级预防。

     

     特应性皮炎/湿疹(AD)是最常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,影响多达30%的儿童。湿疹通常发生在婴儿时期,以瘙痒、皮肤干燥和湿疹皮炎/皮肤刺激为特征.环境因素和遗传易感性导致的皮肤屏障功能障碍与皮肤炎症有关,与食物致敏、食物过敏(FA)和过敏性疾病复合体的进展有关,细丝蛋白(FLG)支持屏障完整性对AD起到重要作用,它在维持角质层完整性方面是不可或缺的。 FLG基因功能缺失突变增加了AD的风险。由于相互矛盾的流行病学数据,FLG基因突变与独立于AD的FA之间的联系仍在争论中。然而,皮肤屏障功能障碍也可能在促进2型皮肤炎症的亚临床水平上相关,而2型皮肤炎症反过来又降低FLG的表达。

       通过将皮肤屏障功能障碍与食物避免在环境食物暴露与同时食用的情况下联系起来,双变应原暴露假说已经被发展出来。皮肤屏障功能障碍和食物过敏原之间的联系,已经形成了双变应原暴露假说。LEAP研究的结果有力地支持了这一观点。该假说表明,皮肤过敏原暴露和皮肤炎症同时受损的屏障,同时过敏食物会导致FA的易感性增加。在这种炎性皮肤环境中暴露变应原被认为会促进2型炎症。

       屏障功能降低的替代标志物--经表皮失水增加(TEWL)在AD发生之前TEWL在出生时最低,在6个月平台期前两个月内增加,确定这段时间是预防性干预的机会石蜡为基础的润肤剂的初步研究表明,患AD的风险降低50%(43%的对照组与22%的润肤剂治疗组)。软膏对AD和潜在过敏性疾病发展的预防作用仍有待通过大型前瞻性干预试验来确定。

       因此,两项前瞻性开放介入的随机预防性试验已尝试评估润肤剂在AD一级预防中的潜力。这两项研究BEEP(预防湿疹的屏障增强)和PreventADALL(预防特应性皮炎和过敏)。BEEP研究招募了1394名高危婴儿(一级与医生诊断的过敏性疾病有亲属关系)在生命的前3周内接受每日石蜡基润肤剂或标准化的皮肤护理方案,直至12个月. BEEP的主要结果是一年干预后两年内发生湿疹包括每日全身应用。依从性定义为至少3-4天每周至少在两个领域:面部和颈部,手臂和腿部或躯干,3个月时依从性为88%,6个月时为82%,12个月时为74%.PreventADALL研究研究了2397名基于人群的婴儿评估两种干预措施:面部区域每日使用石油基润肤剂和沐浴添加剂(8个月干预,至少4天/周)与食物引入方案相比,两者结合或最佳皮肤护理实践(对照).食物介绍包括在3个月大时依次引入花生酱,每周依次引入牛奶,小麦粥和乱蛋。预防的主要结果是12个月时的AD和年龄时的食物过敏。

     在 BEEP 研究中,AD 在 2 岁时的发生率相当(25% 对 23%,ns)。PreventADALL 研究还报告了在基于人群的环境(8% 对照, 11% 润肤剂组,9% 早期过敏原辅食组,5% 联合干预,第 1 年)。 这项研究增加了一个额外的组成部分,即早期同时引入食物对预防 AD 的价值。与基于神经酰胺的方法相比,基于石油的方法已被证明在降低 TEWL 方面的效果较差。可能必须每天多次涂抹软膏,每周至少涂抹 5 天才能影响屏障功能。 

      以前的研究发现软膏,特别是那些主要由脂质而非蛋白质组成的花生油来源的软膏,是过敏的潜在促进剂。润肤剂的存在可能会促进表面上皮细胞层中某些物质的吸收,包括过敏原,而不是保护皮肤屏障。目前尚不清楚这在这两项研究中的作用有多大,因为不同的制剂可能对免疫系统产生不同的影响。 在生命早期了解皮肤和粘膜表面的屏障功能和炎症是设计新型预防干预措施的关键,这两项研究为设计替代方法增加了重要的负面数据。 因此,除非有进一步的证据支持,否则不支持使用石油类润肤剂和一般润肤剂作为 AD 的一级预防。

文献来源:Kothari A,  Locke A,  Eiwegger T,Emollients for the prevention of atopic dermatitis.Allergy 2021 Aug;76(8) 

 

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    2021-12-20 屋顶瞄爱赏月

    润肤剂必不可少,在预防复发的环节的很重要

    0

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    2021-09-28 膀胱癌
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    2021-09-26 病毒猎手

    #特应性皮炎#/#湿疹#,润肤剂可能不一定能减少风险

    0

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    2021-09-26 14775a26m11暂无昵称

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