陈金雄:迈过这些坎儿 医疗数据才能实现开放

2017-02-17 佚名 健康界

医疗数据开放能产生哪些价值,又还存在哪些难点?知名医疗信息化与医院管理专家陈金雄是这么说的



作为一种新兴的业态,互联网医疗、智能医疗凭其开放性与连接性,正在逐渐地将医疗体系内的所有参与者紧紧地连接在一起。

不过,值得注意的是,互联网医疗和智能医疗还面临着诸多方面政策的滞后或空白,医疗数据的共享与开放就是其中之一。

目前我国医疗数据绝大部分掌握在医疗机构(尤其是公立医院)内,但并不对外开放。知名医疗信息化专家、福州总医院信息化专家咨询委员会办公室主任陈金雄表示,医疗数据不能开放,有悖于互联网医疗和智能医疗的精神,将影响互联网医疗的进一步发展。

医疗本质呼唤数据开放

医疗逐渐走向开放,但患者的诊断数据却依然牢牢地关在院内。在陈金雄看来,这与医疗的本质不符。

“医疗本质上是遵循证据的科学,核心的诊疗数据是诊断、治疗的基础,当医院本身越来越发展为基于数据提供医疗服务的机构时,其对数据的开放性要求也将越来越高。”陈金雄强调,现阶段医院内部的数据仍然更多孤立地存在于各个系统中,还需要整合。

掌握的医疗数据越多,医疗证据越充分,医疗诊断才越准确。“医疗数据越多,才越能避免医疗的碎片化,更便于实现跨医疗机构的协同,达到医学的整体化。”

数据孤立的情形正在被打破。2016年年底,国家卫生计生委印发医学影像诊断中心、医学检验实验室、血液净化机构、病理诊断中心4类独立设置医疗机构基本标准和管理规范,加上一直以来国家大力推行的分级诊疗、“互联网+医疗”政策,跨医疗机构的协同正在成为一种常规医疗服务操作手段。

这意味着,医疗数据不再只存在于单独的一家医疗机构中,正在慢慢向其他机构甚至是患者开放。

陈金雄判断,未来的医疗业务形态一定会是物联网化、智能化和跨机构的协同化,“这是不可避免的。”但值得注意的是,“这些都必须是基于数据的。”

实现以上这些,需要将医疗数据开放和标准化。他表示,医疗数据不开放,后续的医疗服务整合以及患者的全生命周期健康管理工作都难以开展,跨医疗机构间的业务协同也会存在障碍。

这些坎儿依然存在

新医改以来医疗领域政策的逐步放开,为医疗数据提供了更多的政策支持,尤其是互联网医疗、分级诊疗以及医疗大数据相关政策。

陈金雄告诉健康界,尽管国家诸多政策对医疗数据的开放都是利好,但显然这不是一件一蹴而就的事情。目前,依然阻碍重重。

1. 隐私安全。医疗服务的对象为患者,其临床信息、诊疗数据都涉及到病人隐私,开放数据时,医院会有所顾虑,病人也未必愿意。

2. 医疗规范化。目前,医疗机构的管理不够到位,医院在某些方面,如病历的书写上存在不规范、数据不准确等问题,医院管理者对此存在一些顾忌。

3. 医患矛盾。在当前医患矛盾比较突出的医疗环境下,任何有可能会影响到医患关系的措施都会让医院管理者产生忧虑,变得谨慎。业内人士也担心开放数据可能加剧医患矛盾。

4. 知识产权。医疗数据涉及到相关专家的医学观点、研究以及治疗方案,在这种情况下,开放医疗数据将涉及到知识产权问题。

除上述难点外,陈金雄认为,医疗数据开放平台的缺失也是一个不可避免的难题。他表示,目前我国并不具备开放医疗数据的专业平台。

在他看来,数据开放需要新观念和新思维,“其实换个思路想,我们能发现开放数据是可以减少医患矛盾和纠纷的。”医患矛盾的根本原因是源于医生和患者间的不信任,一方面,开放医疗数据可以建立信任;另一方面,数据开放会倒逼医院加强医疗流程、医疗业务和医疗质量的规范。 “开放医疗数据前,医院更多的可能担心引发医患纠纷,当医院将医疗数据向患者开放,患者能从中感受到信任,反而利于医患友好。”

因此,对于医疗机构来讲,开放医疗数据在一定程度上也意味着其管理理念需要做一定的转变,倒逼医院加强医疗流程、医疗业务和医疗质量的规范。

这一利好正在得到印证。据了解,OMAHA(开放医疗与健康联盟)卓越贡献奖获得者,原解放军251医院院长王景明、原广东省韶关市粤北人民医院院长徐新等,都在尝试着从行业、医疗机构内推动医疗数据的开放。目前,这两家医院都已实现病历数据的开放。

在OMAHA 2017第二届会员大会上,王景明、徐新不约而同地表示:病历数据开放给患者后,医患友好度等到明显提升,医生也更加注重医疗业务的规范。

鼎新之路

困难阻路,知易行难。如何让“躺”在医疗机构中的数据移动起来?

陈金雄表示,要想让医疗数据向外界开放,首先关键的一点在于让医疗界甚至是整个社会意识到医疗数据开放的价值,树立数据开放的意识。

其次,需要建立数据开放平台。目前,政府正在从整体角度推进,如居民健康档案建设。不过,从当前进度来看,其利用率依然有限。陈金雄表示,行业应该建立一个类似于“数据银行”的平台,当数据向患者开放,并决定交给第三方保管时,“数据银行”可以为患者进行专业的数据管理和分析,为患者医疗健康管理提供数据支持。

事实上,医院数据并非完全没有开放,门诊所有的诊疗信息病人都可以带走,体检数据也是全部提交给病人的,住院病历经过审核批准也可以复印一部分。目前的难点在于如何开放,以什么形式开放?

在陈金雄看来,首先应该在不影响知识产权的前提下把诊疗数据开放给病人,至于病人是愿意自己保管还是委托给第三方机构保管,则由病人自己决定。“这样,当数据在第三方医疗机构出现问题时,则与医疗机构就没有关系,能减少医疗机构开放数据的顾虑。”就像工资发到员工手里,员工是放在家里、支付宝还是银行就是员工自己的事,与雇主无关。

其次,最好以电子化的方式开放,“只有用电子化的方式开放数据才能更好地进行管理和利用。”

第三要有开放的技术手段和平台。当病人愿意把数据委托给第三方机构进行保管,数据该如何从医院转到第三方机构?

陈金雄表示,在这种情况下,需要必要的技术手段和认证方式才能把数据安全而且合法地传送过去,并且需要相关的立法和规范来确定医院、患者、第三方数据机构间的责任。

他举例,当医院将数据开放给病人,病人交给第三方数据机构保管后,一旦数据出现问题,与医院关系不大,在这种情况下,相关的责任需要用法律和制度加以明确开来。

因此,对于类似“数据银行”性质的数据开放平台以及第三方医疗数据咨询机构,如何防范病人隐私以及合理利用医疗数据将是重点。

再次,加强对医疗数据的利用。当数据开放给患者后,患者在做健康管理和疾病管理的过程中,可以根据具体情况,将自己的数据开放给相应的医生,以便医生做进一步的会诊、诊断。“没有这些开放的数据,很多业务是开展不起来的。”陈金雄强调。

“未来,当医疗数据开放后,如果相关机构能够与患者达成协议或共识,其在不影响患者隐私的前提下,依靠开放的医疗数据研究所产生的利润,甚至可以以补贴的形式返还部分给患者。”陈金雄预测。

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    2017-02-21 lou.minghong

    好文!

    0

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    2017-02-18 wmu姿

    要改变科研评审制度

    0

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    2017-02-18 cqykthl

    遵循证据的科学

    0

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    2017-02-18 cqykthl

    遵循证据的科学

    0

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    2017-02-18 cqykthl

    遵循证据的科学

    0

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    2017-02-18 cqykthl

    医疗体系内的所有参与者紧紧地连接在一起。

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