胰岛素使用,要注意三大细节!

2017-08-10 李医生 北京瑞京糖尿病医院

胰岛素是治疗糖尿病的重要手段,想最大效果发挥胰岛素的作用,需要医生提醒患者做好以下三点:

胰岛素是治疗糖尿病的重要手段,想最大效果发挥胰岛素的作用,需要医生提醒患者做好以下三点:

一、正确保存胰岛素

胰岛素的保存很重要,如果储存不当,容易破坏胰岛素的药效,不能有效控制血糖、预防糖尿病急慢性并发症。

一般来说,未开封的胰岛素要求 2℃~8℃ 冰箱保存,只要不要靠近冷冻室、不过保质期,胰岛素的生物效应就不会受影响。

另外,胰岛素注射液反复置于冷热环境中更易造成胰岛素失效,因此对于已经开封的胰岛素,每次注射之后拔出针头,将胰岛素、针头、笔芯放在室温(25 ℃ 左右)下避光保存即可,胰岛素的储存时间不可超过 4 周(28天)。

不过胰岛素具体的存储方法存在个体差异,必要时需参考该药品的使用说明书。

二、胰岛素注射的正确姿势

胰岛素的注射部位的选择和操作尤为重要,选择的位置不对,会影响胰岛素药效的发挥,导致血糖波动和低血糖

1、注射部位的选择

胰岛素注射可以选择四个部位,按照吸收速度由快到慢排列分别是:腹部、上臂外侧、大腿外侧、臀部。

一般来说:短效胰岛素或预混胰岛素最适合注射腹部;中长效胰岛素适合注射臀部或大腿外侧。

值得注意的是,如果选择注射大腿处,那么注射完毕后不宜马上运动——胰岛素注射大腿外侧后剧烈运动,会加速胰岛素的吸收,容易导致低血糖的发生。

2、注射部位需轮换

反复在同一部位注射胰岛素,可能会导致该部位皮下脂肪增生而产生硬结,并导致该部位胰岛素的吸收率下降,吸收时间过长,进而血糖控制不稳定。

因此,一定要注意注射部位的轮换,两次注射的部位至少要间隔1个手指宽。


3、进针方式的选择

有患者会问,不同人注射胰岛素的姿势不同,这其中有何蹊跷?

专家解释,注射胰岛素受到患者体型、注射部位以及所用针头长度影响,部分患者“捏皮”的目的是为了避免肌肉注射,引发严重低血糖反应。

一般来说:5mm针头无需捏皮,8mm针头需捏皮,12mm针头需45度进针(注意:捏皮应用拇指和食指捏,而不是多个手指一起捏)。



三、胰岛素的规范注射很重要
1、每次使用胰岛素前都应检查有效期,并观察药液是否有结晶或絮状物,一旦发现,马上停用。

2、在注射前,建议先将胰岛素从冰箱中取出放置 2 个小时左右,等胰岛素接近常温以后再注射,可以避免注射时的不适感和对皮下组织的刺激。

3、对于预混式的胰岛素,在使用前可轻轻揉搓并滚动10次,再上下颠倒10次混匀,直至胰岛素呈白色云雾状再使用。

4、摇晃有可能产生气泡,但如果产生了结块或颗粒状物质,要停止使用。

5、注射时,不要选择硬结、有伤疤和肚脐周围5cm以内的地方。

6、注射后,最好停留保持注射姿势5-10秒钟,待胰岛素充分注射进去再拔针,如果拔针过早,可能会使药液流出。

7、注意做好监测,记下每天胰岛素的注射时间和剂量。

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    2018-04-30 baoya
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    2017-08-25 虈亣靌

    内容丰富.值得学习

    0

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    2017-08-23 虈亣靌

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2017-08-17 虈亣靌

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-08-15 往日如昨

    胰岛素注射液反复置于冷热环境中更易造成胰岛素失效

    0

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    2017-08-14 ylzr123

    感谢小编为我们准备了如此丰盛的精神大餐,同时也向作者致谢!认真学习了,点赞!

    0

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    2017-08-13 雅文博武

    学习了先进的技术水平

    0

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    2017-08-10 往日如昨

    腹部、上臂外侧、大腿外侧、臀部。

    0

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    2017-08-10 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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