"超微粒 "可能携带癌症、阿尔茨海默病和COVID-19的线索

2021-12-28 brainnew神内神外 网络

发表在《自然-细胞生物学》(Nature Cell Biology)杂志上的这一发现,是理解细胞外囊泡和纳米颗粒在细胞间传递重要化学“信息”(无论是健康还是疾病)中所扮演角色方面的重大进展。

 

范德堡大学医学中心(Vanderbilt University Medical Center)的研究人员发现了一种从细胞中释放出来的纳米粒子,称为“超微粒”(supermere),它含有与多种癌症、心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默病甚至 COVID-19 相关的酶、蛋白质和 RNA 。

 

 

范德堡大学医学中心12月10日消息

 

发表在《自然-细胞生物学》(Nature Cell Biology)杂志上的这一发现,是理解细胞外囊泡和纳米颗粒在细胞间传递重要化学“信息”(无论是健康还是疾病)中所扮演角色方面的重大进展。

 

研究于2021年12月9日发表在《Nature Cell Biology》(最新影响因子:28.824)杂志上

 

该论文的资深作者、医学博士 Robert Coffey 说:“我们已经在癌症和许多其他疾病状态中发现了一些生物标志物和治疗靶点,这些生物标志物和治疗靶点都可能是这些超级微粒的载体。现在剩下要做的就是弄清楚这些物质是如何释放的。”

 

Robert Coffey 教授

 

Coffey 是癌症研究的英格拉姆教授兼医学和细胞与发育生物学教授,以结直肠癌研究闻名于世。他的团队目前正在探索血液中癌症特异性纳米颗粒的检测和靶向是否可以导致更早的诊断和更有效的治疗。

 

2019年,Coffey 实验室前研究员Dennis Jeppesen博士,现在是医学研究讲师,使用先进技术分离和分析了被称为“外泌体”的细胞膜包裹的细胞外囊泡

 

那一年,Coffey 的另一位同事、医学研究助理教授 Qin Zhang 博士利用高速超离心技术,设计出一种简单的方法,分离出一种没有表面涂层的名为“外显子”的纳米颗粒。

 

Supermere 发现团队的成员包括(前排左起)Qi Liu 博士、Robert Coffey 医学博士、Qin Zhang 博士和(后排左起)James Higginbotham 博士、Dennis Jeppesen 博士和 Jeffrey Franklin博士

 

在目前的研究中,Zhang 采用了 "上清液",即外显子被旋转成 "颗粒 "后剩下的液体,并将液体旋转得更快、更长。

 

其结果是从外显子旋转的上清液中分离出来的纳米颗粒,研究人员将其命名为超微粒。“它们也非常有趣,” Coffey 说,“因为它们含有许多以前被认为在外泌体中的物质。

 

首先,超微粒携带大部分细胞释放的细胞外 RNA ,这些 RNA 存在于血液中。研究人员报告说,在其他功能特性中,癌症来源的超微粒可以“转移”耐药性到肿瘤细胞,可能是通过它们传递的 RNA 货物。

 

细胞外囊泡和颗粒

 

超微粒是TGFBI的重要载体,TGFBI是一种在已建立的肿瘤中促进肿瘤进展的蛋白质。研究人员指出,TGFBI因此可能是结直肠癌患者液体活检中一个有用的标志物

 

它们还携带血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2),这是一种在心血管疾病中发挥作用的细胞表面受体,也是COVID-19病毒的目标。这就提出了一种可能性,即超微粒携带的 ACE2 可以作为“诱饵”,与病毒结合,防止感染

 

另一种可能重要的货物是APP,一种β-淀粉样前体蛋白与阿尔茨海默病的发展有关。超微粒可以穿过血脑屏障,这表明它们的分析可以提高疾病的早期诊断,甚至可能有针对性地治疗

 

 

圣母大学(University of Notre Dame)的研究人员在与这篇论文一同发表的一篇综述中指出:“鉴定出如此丰富的生物活性分子……引发了有关超微粒功能的有趣问题,并提高了人们对这些粒子作为疾病生物志物的潜力的兴趣。”

 

 

创立于1873年的范德堡大学

 

创立于1842年的圣母大学

参考文献

Source:Vanderbilt University Medical Center

“Supermeres” may carry clues to cancer, Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19

References:

[1].Zhang, Q., Jeppesen, D.K., Higginbotham, J.N. et al. Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Nat Cell Biol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00805-8

[2]. Clancy, J.W., Boomgarden, A.C. & D’Souza-Schorey, C. Profiling and promise of supermeres. Nat Cell Biol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00808-5

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