肺转移性腺样囊性癌1例

2018-05-22 佚名 影像园

患者女性,47 岁,体检发现肺部结节 2 年,无其他不适主诉。

【病史临床

患者女性,47 岁,体检发现肺部结节 2 年,无其他不适主诉。

查体:左侧颌下可扪及一鸽蛋大小肿大的淋巴结,质硬,固定,无压痛,胸廓无畸形,叩诊呈清音,听诊两侧呼吸音偏低,双肺未闻及明显干湿罗音。心腹查体无殊。

【影像图片】













病例特点
 
1. 患者女性,47 岁。
 
2. 体检发现肺部结节 2 年,无其他不适主诉,既往无殊,无吸烟饮酒嗜好。
 
3. 查体:左侧颌下可扪及一鸽蛋大小肿大的淋巴结,质硬,固定,无压痛,胸廓无畸形,叩诊呈清音,听诊两侧呼吸音偏低,双肺未闻及明显干湿罗音。心腹查体无殊。
 
4. 辅助检查:血常规、凝血功能、自身免疫全套、降钙素原等未见异常。CEA 7.13ng/ml,CA 125 47.7U/ml。
 
腹部 + 颈部彩超:近右膈顶低回声团块。左颌下实性回声,左颌下腺实性占位,双侧腮腺导管局部扩张。双侧颈部、左侧腋下、双侧腹股沟淋巴结探及。
 
胸部 CT:双肺多发大小不等结节、肿块影,密度均匀,边缘清楚,随机分布,肺门纵隔多发肿大淋巴结。
 
 
涎腺腺样囊性癌伴肺转移

诊断依据
 
患者中年女性,病史长达 2 年,肺部病灶以体检发现,无咳嗽咳痰、咯血、呼吸困难等不适症状,无进行加重,说明此病的临床表现不明显且进展较慢。
 
患者 CT 提示肺内多发占位,然仔细观察占位的形态特点可知:占位为多发类圆形结节,边界清晰,密度均匀,大小不等,未见分叶征、晕征、钙化灶等原发性肺恶性肿瘤征象。由此考虑此占位应该为转移瘤,需进一步探究肿瘤原发灶。
 
患者颈部彩超提示左侧颌下腺实性占位,伴有腺管阻塞、扩张,颈部腋下等全身浅表淋巴结多发性无痛肿大,考虑涎腺恶性肿瘤可能性大,结合患者肿瘤标志物 CEA 与、CA 125 明显升高,更加倾向于涎腺恶性肿瘤。但是患者的一般情况可,病程长,临床症状不明显,似乎与恶性肿瘤的一般行为不符。然而涎腺恶性肿瘤分类中腺样囊性癌恰具有此特征,故需病理活检证实此推断。
 
由于下颌下腺的肿瘤是活检穿刺的禁忌症,于是活检部位取自右肺内结节,在病理报告中,的确得到了腺样囊性癌的证据,说明原发灶在涎腺而不是肺。综合以上,明确诊断为涎腺腺样囊性癌伴肺内多发转移。

鉴别诊断
 
1. 原发性支气管肺癌:患者常有数十年的大量吸烟史。中央型肺癌可表现为支气管壁不规则增厚、管腔呈「鼠尾状」狭窄或「锥形」、「杯口状」截断,伴发阻塞性肺炎时可表现为受累支气管远侧肺实变,伴发肺不张时则表现为肺叶的密度均匀增高及容积缩小。
 
周围型肺癌可表现为肺内结节分叶、带有毛刺,常伴有胸膜凹陷,从纵隔窗可见厚壁空洞,内壁凹凸不平,壁内多发结节,增强后肿块呈短暂性强化。弥漫性肺癌表现为两肺弥漫分布的肺结节影,可伴有纵膈及肺门淋巴结肿大,病灶融合时呈大片肺炎样阴影,出现「空气支气管征」,但走行僵硬不同于大叶性肺炎,增强后肿块内可见高密度血管影。
 
2. 炎性肌纤维细胞瘤:表现为收缩形态,少见贴边血管征,强化后更显著,呈圆形的炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤多见于儿童、青少年病人,年龄较大的如病灶周围有炎症灶等则有助于诊断。炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤邻近的叶间胸膜容易出现肥厚粘连及胸膜广基征。
 
3. 肺结核球:圆形或椭圆形,常单发,直径多为 2-3 cm,边缘清晰,轮廓光滑,偶有分叶,密度较高,内部可见钙化,周围常有卫星病灶,增强后,结核球不强化或边缘轻度强化。病人常有结核的低热、乏力、盗汗症状,T-spot、PPD、痰涂片有助于明确诊断,必要时可行胸腔镜活检。
 
4. 肺错构瘤:边缘光滑锐利,无毛刺,可有分叶,典型的出现「爆米花」样钙化。
 
5. 肺结节病:多发于 40 岁以下的黑人,CT 可见沿支气管血管束分布的微小结节,可融合成球,多侵犯肺上叶,肺底部相对正常,可见气管前、气管旁、主动脉旁的淋巴结肿大,亦可有磨玻璃样改变。

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    2018-07-13 wolongzxh
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    2018-05-22 1225fae6m68(暂无昵称)

    可以进行免疫治疗吗?

    0

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肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉(AOPA),是一种少见先天性肺血管畸形,该疾病的表现与其他常见大量左向右分流的先心病类似,无特异性症状和体征;因发病率低,所以常被忽视而漏诊、误诊。下面是2例这样的疾病——

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这些发现表明对于有风险的受试者和RA患者,痰液抗体对特定cit和非cit蛋白/肽的反应性是特异的。

病例分享:面对越来越多的肺小结节应该怎么办?什么方法能解决肺小结节有恶性倾向又不适宜手术的难题?

随着低剂量螺旋CT的逐渐普及,越来越多的人在体检中发现肺部结节,或者在治疗其他肺部疾病时发现肺部结节,随之而来的十分令人困扰的问题就是:这些结节是良性还是恶性?该如何处理?该不该手术?如果选择定期随访,会不会在随访过程中病灶增大等等……

先天性肺动静脉瘘1例

56岁女性患者,发现口唇青紫40余年,活动后气短20余年,加重伴间断咯血3年。

肺隔离症介入栓塞治疗一例

患者,女性,32岁,无诱因出现咯血