盘点:近期关于普伐他汀相关研究进展一览

2017-12-05 lishiting MedSci原创

【1】Stroke:普伐他汀对颈动脉内膜中层厚度的长期效应如何?他汀类药物对颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)进展的影响已在非卒中的西方患者中有报道。近日,卒中领域权威杂志Stroke上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在明确低剂量普伐他汀对日本非心源性缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉IMT的影响。该研究是对J-STARS试验(日本他汀类药物治疗对复发性卒中试验)进行的亚组研究,J-STARS试验是一个多中心、

【1】Stroke:普伐他汀对颈动脉内膜中层厚度的长期效应如何?

他汀类药物对颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)进展的影响已在非卒中的西方患者中有报道。近日,卒中领域权威杂志Stroke上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在明确低剂量普伐他汀对日本非心源性缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉IMT的影响。

该研究是对J-STARS试验(日本他汀类药物治疗对复发性卒中试验)进行的亚组研究,J-STARS试验是一个多中心、随机、开放、平行对照、以明确普伐他汀是否可以减少卒中复发的试验。患者随机接受普伐他汀(每日剂量为10毫克,普伐他汀组)或不接受任何他汀类药物(对照组)治疗。该研究的主要结局为5年观察期间颈总动脉的IMT变化。研究人员采用重复测量的混合效应模型来比较IMT的变化。

这个亚组研究中有864例患者进行了注册,71例患者无基线超声检查而被排除,388例患者被随机分入治疗组,405例患者被随机分入对照组。基线特征无显著差异,但两组间美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(中位数分别为0[间距范围为0-2] vs. 1[间距范围为0-2];P=0.019)除外。普伐他汀组基线IMT(平均数±SD)为0.887±0.155mm,对照组为0.887±0.152mm(P=0.99)。普伐他汀组与对照组相比,5年随访观察期间IMT的年度变化显著减少(0.021±0.116 vs. 0.040±0.118mm,P=0.010)。

由此可见,采用普伐他汀治疗可以显著减慢非心源性栓塞性卒中患者随访5年后的颈动脉IMT进展。(原文详见--Stroke:普伐他汀对颈动脉内膜中层厚度的长期效应如何?)

【2】BMJ Open :研究揭示他汀类药物使用与二型糖尿病之间的密切关系!

研究人员说,无论用于确定治疗需要的标准如何,这些结果都是正确的,表明这些因素并不是糖尿病风险的主要原因。

他们根据美国糖尿病预防项目成果研究(DPPOS)的3234名参与者的研究结果。

这是对随机临床试验进行的长期随访研究,其中研究了通过生活方式改变适度减肥或用二甲双胍治疗可以降低或延缓高危人群中2型糖尿病的发展。

试验参与者获得健康饮食和运动的标准建议,并被随机分配到强化生活方式,二甲双胍治疗或空白制剂(安慰剂)组。

在调查结束时,他们被邀请参加DPPOS,期间他们的血脂和血压每年都被测量。每年测量两次血糖,此时记录新的他汀类药物治疗。

在DPPOS开始时,不到4%的参与者服用他汀类药物,但这些药物的使用逐渐增加,直到10年后,约三分之一的参与者服用他们。

最常用的他汀类药物是辛伐他汀(40%)和阿托伐他汀(37%)。诊断糖尿病后处方的可能性大幅上升。

然而,他汀类药物使用本身与诊断患有糖尿病的风险增加有关,无论参与者在试验期间曾经参加过哪个治疗组。

当所有治疗组合并时,与没有开始服用这些药物的患者相比,服用他汀类药物与随后被诊断为2型糖尿病的风险增加了36%有关。

考虑到用于确定需要他汀类药物治疗的临床标准后,这种风险轻微下降到30%。虽然那些服用他汀类药物的人开始血糖水平略高,但这并没有解释他们糖尿病的发病率。

为了确定他汀类药物的强度是否与发生糖尿病的风险有关,研究人员将药物分为低剂量(普伐他汀,洛伐他汀,氟伐他汀)或高剂量组(阿托伐他汀,辛伐他汀,罗伐他汀,西立伐他汀)。

他们发现使用他汀类药物的效力和糖尿病风险之间没有联系,也没有降低低密度脂蛋白("坏"胆固醇)之间的联系。

这是一项观察性研究,因此不能得出关于因果关系的确切结论。而他汀类药物的处方是以独立医生的评估为依据的,因此患者并没有被随机分配到治疗中,也没有关于剂量的信息。

然而,研究人员指出一些实验研究表明,他汀类药物可能会损害胰岛素的产生,降低体内血糖水平所需的激素。

他们还强调,糖尿病风险的可能适度增加需要仔细权衡,以显着降低他汀类药物治疗引起的心脏病发作或中风的风险。

"尽管如此,他们警告说,"应该监测葡萄糖状态,并在高危患者中加强健康的生活方式行为,这些患者是[心血管疾病]预防的主要人群。(原文详见--BMJ Open :研究揭示他汀类药物使用与二型糖尿病之间的密切关系!)

【3】Crit Care Med:他汀类药物与ICU患者谵妄发生之间的关系!

近日,危重病医学领域权威杂志Critical Care Medicine上发表了一篇研究文章,该研究旨在探讨他汀类药物的使用与入住ICU患者谵妄风险之间的关系。

从2012年9月1日到2015年9月30日期间,研究人员进行了一项回顾性倾向匹配队列分析。研究人员通过混淆评估方法对10216人次的ICU入住者进行谵妄筛查。此外,6664名参与者被用来匹配他汀类药物使用者和无他汀类使用者。倾向匹配队列的样本中有1475名患者接受他汀类药物治疗并按1:1匹配未使用他汀类药物治疗的对照者。

谵妄定义为混淆评估方法阳性评估结果是主要的终点。在无匹配队列中谵妄的患病率为22.3%,在倾向匹配队列中谵妄的患病率为22.8%。他汀类药物的使用与谵妄的风险显著降低相关(比值比为0.47;95%可信区间为0.38-0.56)。考虑到他汀类药物使用的类型,其中阿托伐他汀(0.51;0.41-0.64)、普伐他汀(0.40;0.28-0.58)以及辛伐他汀(0.33;0.21-0.52)均与谵妄的频率降低显著相关。

他汀类药物的使用与住院患者谵妄风险降低独立相关。当考虑到使用他汀类药物的类型时,使用阿托伐他汀、普伐他汀和辛伐他汀的患者,这种谵妄风险降低非常显著。对于易患谵妄的住院病人采用各种他汀类药物治疗的随机试验应验证其在预防谵妄中的作用。(原文详见--Crit Care Med:他汀类药物与ICU患者谵妄发生之间的关系!)

【4】JAMA Inter Med:他汀类预防心血管疾病?到底"靠不靠谱"?

【老年人应用他汀类预防心血管事件有没有益处?】根据一项新的研究,参加临床试验的老年患者的数据分析显示,当他汀类药物开始用于老年高血压和中等高胆固醇患者进行一级预防时,并未在所有原因死亡或冠心病事件预防中得到益处。

许多老年患者服用他汀类药物用于初级心血管预防,但数据仅限于该年龄组中用于一级预防的他汀类药物的风险和益处。提高对老年患者预防干预措施的理解对保健及其成本有影响。

纽约大学医学院的本杰明·汉,医学博士,即该研究共同作者分析了1994年到2002年进行降血压和降脂治疗的降脂试验(LLT)组成中老年人的数据。

作者使用了一个分析样本,其中包括2,867名高血压成人,但没有基线动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(动脉斑块积累)。在2,867名成年人中,有1,467名服用普伐他汀钠(每天40毫克),其中另外1400名只接受初级保健医师的一般护理。

作者报道,普伐他汀对冠心病二次事件、特殊原因死亡率以及全因死亡率的结果没有任何好处。成人65?74岁,成年人75岁以上,普伐他汀组死亡发生率均高于常规护理组(141例vs. 130例及92例 vs.65例)。根据结果,65-74岁人群中普伐他汀组中有76例心血管疾病事件,常规护理组89例。75岁以上人群中,普伐他汀组有 31例心血管疾病事件,常规护理组则为39例。两组治疗组的中风,心力衰竭和癌症发生率相似。

作者注意到目前研究的局限性,其中包括将其设计作为亚组患者的临床次要分析。

"他汀类药物被给予老年人作为初级预防没有发现任何益处,治疗建议应该为这个人群实现个体化治疗,"文章总结说。(原文详见--JAMA Inter Med:他汀类预防心血管疾病?到底"靠不靠谱"?

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    2017-12-09 哈哈869

    学习了

    0

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    2017-12-07 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-12-05 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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