围术期预防使用抗菌药物,怎么用更有效?

2018-06-29 韩玲样(铜川市妇幼保健院) SIFIC感染官微

围术期预防性使用抗菌药物对预防手术部位感染(SSI)的有效性已经得到大量文献证实,但抗菌药物的使用并不是有利而无害,过度延长使用并不能进一步提高预防效果,反而会增加耐药菌产生风险及艰难梭菌感染的风险。

围术期预防性使用抗菌药物对预防手术部位感染(SSI)的有效性已经得到大量文献证实,但抗菌药物的使用并不是有利而无害,过度延长使用并不能进一步提高预防效果,反而会增加耐药菌产生风险及艰难梭菌感染的风险。

看相关研究怎么说

有Meta分析证明,预防性使用抗菌药物时间的长短对SSI的影响没有显着差异。没有证据证明长时间(3日)用药在预防SSI方面优于短时间(1日)用药。多项随机对照实验结果显示,与单剂量用药相比,多剂量用药对预防SSI并没有明显优势。

虽然目前还没有证据支持术后延长用药对预防SSI有不良影响,但却有证据表明延长用药会增加细菌耐药性和感染艰难梭菌的风险;同时延长用药也会增加医疗成本,增加患者经济负担。因此,更多的学者和机构建议,对于清洁手术、清洁-污染手术甚至污染手术,术前单剂量一次用药就能达到预防作用。

听听临床的声音

刘冬等进行的一项关于骨折患者切开内固定术围术期使用单剂量和多剂量抗菌药物预防SSI的Meta分析结果显示:两者在降低SSI方面无差异。

覃金爱等、李锐等、曹松山等的研究均证明,预防用药维持时间<48h与>48h相比,SSI或有明显下降,或无统计学差异。

类似这样的研究报道还有很多,其结果基本一致。

我们该如何做?

基于不同的指南及我国相关规范要求,关于围术期预防用药维持时间,建议如下:

1. 清洁手术的预防用药时间不超过24h,心脏手术可视情况延长至48h;清洁-污染手术和污染手术的预防用药时间亦为24h,污染手术必要时延长至48h;

2. 即使术后留置有引流管,预防用药时间仍然建议参照本建议第一条执行;

3. 可通过培训、行政干预、临床药师指导、医务/药学/感控/护理联合督导、信息反馈等措施,提高单剂量使用和术后24h停药依从性。

围术期预防性使用抗菌药物仅仅是预防SSI的措施之一,延长用药也不能进一步提高预防效果。预防用药更不能替代术区皮肤清洁与消毒、外科手消毒、术中无菌操作、手术医生的手术技巧、术中保温、血糖控制等感控措施。

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    2018-07-06 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-07-05 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-07-01 1371f63f74m

    学习了.平时也在按此标准执行中.

    0

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    2018-07-01 lhlxtx
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329756, encodeId=eda2329e56bb, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jul 06 16:09:55 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329539, encodeId=0db832953947, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jul 05 15:51:36 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328432, encodeId=cf84328432cb, content=学习了.平时也在按此标准执行中., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df232099728, createdName=1371f63f74m, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 11:19:07 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275410, encodeId=12bd12e54102b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a39406551e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#围术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40655, encryptionId=6a39406551e, topicName=围术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fca128, createdName=licz0423, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330749, encodeId=e9f01330e4908, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373087, encodeId=e59c13e308712, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328025, encodeId=f1a5328025c6, content=了解一下.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 22:11:24 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328010, encodeId=804f3280103b, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 20:40:08 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327997, encodeId=336a32e9977d, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 19:16:04 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-29 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-06-29 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-06-29 虈亣靌

    优质资源.共同学习

    0

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