AJOG:妊娠葡萄糖耐受不良的生理亚型与不良妊娠结局的风险。

2021-10-15 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

妊娠期糖耐量减低(妊娠期糖尿病筛查试验异常)的妇女即使没有妊娠期糖尿病,也有不良妊娠结局的风险。

背景:妊娠期糖耐量减低(妊娠期糖尿病筛查试验异常)的妇女即使没有妊娠期糖尿病,也有不良妊娠结局的风险。在此之前,我们根据导致高血糖的主要潜在生理因素定义了妊娠期糖尿病的生理亚型,发现不同亚型的妇女有不同的不良结局风险。生理学分类尚未应用于妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常的妇女。

目的:我们根据胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素缺乏或混合病理生理学的存在来定义妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常的生理亚型,目的是确定这些亚型是否具有不同的不良结局风险。我们假设患有胰岛素抵抗亚型妊娠期葡萄糖不耐受的妇女发生不良妊娠结局的风险最大。

研究设计:在一项以医院为基础的队列研究中,我们研究了妊娠期糖耐量异常妇女(葡萄糖负荷试验1小时血糖,≥140 mg/dL;n=236)和正常糖耐量(葡萄糖负荷试验1小时葡萄糖,<140 mg/dL;n=1472)。我们应用动态平衡模型评估妊娠16-20周的空腹血糖和胰岛素水平,以评估胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素缺乏,并使用这些措施将妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常的妇女分成不同的亚型。我们通过对年龄、种族和民族、婚姻状况和体重指数进行调整后,使用Logistic回归方法比较了每种亚型的不良结局(胎龄、出生体重、新生儿重症监护病房入院、妊娠高血压和剖宫产)与糖耐量正常的妇女的不良结局的几率(大的因素包括胎龄、出生体重、新生儿重症监护病房入院、妊娠相关高血压和剖宫产)。结果:妊娠期糖耐量异常(妊娠期糖尿病12%)中胰岛素抵抗亚型115例(49%),胰岛素缺乏亚型70例(27%),混合病理生理亚型40例(17%),未分型11例(5%)。我们发现,与糖耐量正常的女性相比,胰岛素抵抗亚型的女性孕周出生体重(主要结局)的几率更高(优势比,2.35;95%可信区间,1.43e3.88;P=0.001;调整后的优势比,1.74;95%可信区间,1.02e3.48;P=0.04)。只有在调整协变量(优势比,1.69;95%置信区间,0.84-3.38;p=0.14;调整后的优势比,2.05;95%置信区间,1.01-4.19;p=0.048)后,胰岛素缺乏亚型妇女的胎龄儿出生体重较大的几率才会增加(优势比,1.69;95%可信区间,0.84-3.38;p.14;调整后的优势比,2.05;95%置信区间,1.01-4.19;p=0.048)。在次要结果中,在未经调整的模型中,胰岛素抵抗亚型新生儿重症监护病房的入院几率有增加的趋势(优势比,2.09;95%可信区间,0.99-4.40;P=0.05);这一发现是由于胰岛素抵抗亚型和体重指数<25 kg/m2的女性新生儿重症监护病房入院风险增加所致。具有其他亚型的妇女的婴儿没有增加新生儿重症监护病房入院的几率。与糖耐量正常的女性相比,胰岛素抵抗亚型的女性患妊娠高血压的几率增加(优势比2.09;95%可信区间1.31-3.33;P=0.002;调整后的优势比1.77;95%可信区间1.07-2.92;P=0.03);其他亚型没有增加妊娠高血压的几率。未分娩妇女的剖宫产率在不同亚型之间没有差异。

图1 GGI生理亚型的胰岛素敏感性和分泌

图2 根据GGI生理亚型判断不良妊娠结局的频率

表1 妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常生理亚型不良妊娠结局的风险

表2 妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常生理亚型(不包括妊娠期糖尿病)不良妊娠结局的几率

表3 按体重指数分层的妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常生理亚型妇女的不良妊娠结局

结论:胰岛素抵抗的妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常是不良妊娠结局的高危亚型。划分生理亚型可能为更个性化地治疗妊娠期葡萄糖耐量异常提供机会。

原文出处:

 Selen DJ,  Edelson PK,  James K,et al.Physiologic Subtypes of Gestational Glucose Intolerance and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Aug 19

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得了乳腺癌,是否还可以怀孕生子?

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