盘点:近期艰难梭菌感染精选研究一览

2016-10-03 MedSci MedSci原创

艰难梭菌感染(CDI)是医疗保健和社区设置的主要负担。CDI复发是因为有限的治疗方案,与其相关的临床和感染控制问题尤其令人关注。【1】Am J Gastroenterol:口服万古霉素能否预防艰难梭菌感染的复发?目的:艰难梭菌,又称难辨梭菌、难辨棱状芽孢杆菌(c-diff)或困難梭菌,属厌氧性细菌,一般寄生在人的肠道内。再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者将会是复发高风险人群。我们对近

艰难梭菌感染(CDI)是医疗保健和社区设置的主要负担。CDI复发是因为有限的治疗方案,与其相关的临床和感染控制问题尤其令人关注。

【1】Am J Gastroenterol:口服万古霉素能否预防艰难梭菌感染的复发?

目的:艰难梭菌,又称难辨梭菌、难辨棱状芽孢杆菌(c-diff)或困難梭菌,属厌氧性细菌,一般寄生在人的肠道内。再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者将会是复发高风险人群。我们对近期诊断为CDI、随后抗生素暴露(CDI-AE)的患者进行了研究,评估口服万古霉素能否作为这类患者的二级预防、减少复发风险。

结果:研究共纳入了551例CDI-AE(379例为首次诊断;172例为复发);其中暴露于抗生素后,复发了181例(32.9%)。年老患者更容易出现复发(每增加一岁,AHR=1.01;1.00–1.03; P=0.02);CDI-AE首次发作或第二次复发也是随后复发的危险因素(首次 AHR, 3.59; 95% CI, 2.52–5.13; P<0.0001;第二次复发 AHR, 4.88; 95% CI, 3.38–7.06; P<0.0001)。口服万古霉素可以降低复发CDI-AE患者的随后复发风险(AHR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32–0.69; P<0.0001),但是对于首次发作CDI-AE的患者无效(AHR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.57–1.45; P=0.68)。

结论:再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。(文章详见--Am J Gastroenterol:口服万古霉素能否预防艰难梭菌感染的复发?

【2】DDW 2016:益生菌降低抗生素使用者艰难梭菌感染

根据2016消化疾病周给出的数据,益生菌可显著降低已使用抗生素的住院患者艰难梭菌感染的风险。

研究人员回顾了关于使用抗生素和益生菌的住院成人患者的随机对照试验;主要结果是益生菌在预防艰难梭菌感染方面的疗效。他们分析了19项研究,起其中包括6942名参与者,他们得出结论,益生菌组较安慰剂组艰难梭菌感染率小(1.5%vs3.5%;P=005)。

总的来说,益生菌表现了治疗艰难梭菌感染的疗效(RR=0.41;95%CI,0.30-0.57)。在指定亚组分析中,首次抗生素剂量有关的益生菌时间安排是很重要的,在2天和7天内给予益生菌的RR分别为0.32(95% CI,0.21-0.47)和0.70(95% CI,0.40-1.23,P=0.02)。此外,利用牛奶与胶囊制剂没有什么区别。

“艰难梭菌感染有显著的发病率和死亡率,”Shen与其同事说。“对高危人群来说,预防是必要的。”(文章详见--DDW 2016:益生菌降低抗生素使用者艰难梭菌感染

【3】Am J Gastr:重视溃疡性结肠炎患者发生的艰难梭菌感染

根据近期在线发表于 The AmericanJournal of Gastroenterology 上的一项以人群为基础的队列研究,艰难梭状芽胞杆菌感染(CDI)使新诊断为溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者的预后较差,并增加他们进行结肠切除术、术后并发症和死亡的风险。

他们鉴定出2003年4月到2010年3月诊断为溃疡性结肠炎的1754名阿尔伯塔省居民,使用生存竞争风险回归模型评估CDI对结肠切除术的影响,并使用混合效应逻辑回归模型来评估CDI对术后并发症的影响。他们使用一个单独的研究人群进行效度研究,试验中通过比较代码和大便毒素测试评估ICD-10代码诊断UC患者CDI的灵敏度、特异性、正面和负面预测价值。

ICD-10代码识别UC患者的敏感性为82.1%;特异性为99.4%;正面预测价值为88.4%;负面预测值为99.1%。

UC诊断后五年内CDI风险为3.4%(95%CI,2.5-4.6)。在调整了年龄、性别和并发症后,研究人员发现,与那些没有诊断为CDI的UC患者相比,诊断为CDI的UC患者中结肠切除术风险更高(sub-HR=2.36;95%可信区间,1.47-3.8),死亡风险也是(HR=2.56;95%可信区间,1.28-5.1)。结肠切除术前至少90天内诊断出CDI与术后并发症的风险增加有关(调整后OR=4.84;95%可信区间,1.28-18.35)。

“总的来说,这些数据表明,艰难梭菌感染的诊断使UC恶化,”研究人员总结道。“这些发现具有重要的临床意义。首先,医生应当仔细评估所有UC患者中的艰难梭菌感染。然而,应特别注意UC早期的艰难梭菌感染并严密监测,因为他们与结肠切除术、术后并发症的风险增加有关。”(文章详见--Am J Gastr:重视溃疡性结肠炎患者发生的艰难梭菌感染

【4】Am J Gastroenterol:复发性艰难梭菌感染常见于IBD患者

根据一项最新研究,炎症性肠病(IBD)患者复发性艰难梭菌感染(CDI)的风险增加。相关内容近期发表在The American Journal of Gastroenterology上。

研究团队在503例CDI患者中进行复发性CDI发病率的研究,其中110(22%)例为IBD患者。在超过13000人月的随访中,近1/3的IBD患者(31.8%)出现复发CDI,相比之下,非IBD患者中为23.9%(P<0.01)。IBD患者中复发性CDI发病率为2.04次每100人月,非IBD患者中复发性CDI的发病率为1.25次每人月(P<0.001)。非IBD组发生第一次CDI复发的时间(76天)明显比IBD患者短(157天)。发生CDI后,IBD患者更可能比非IBD患者更需要结肠切除术(6.4%vs0.3%,P<0.001)。在IBD患者中没有归因于CDI的死亡,但非IBD患者中12.2%死于CDI。

与只发生过一次CDI的IBD患者相比,有复发性CDI的 IBD患者更可能报告最近的抗生素治疗、5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)使用、类固醇使用和生物治疗。IBD患者中复发性CDI的显著的独立预测因子包括非回肠克罗恩病和5-ASA的使用。与非IBD患者相比,IBD患者不太可能在六个月内发生复发,但6个月后可能发生。

“对IBD患者和非IBD患者来说,诱发CDI和复发性CDI的因素可能是不同的,” Nguyen博士说。”我们需要进一步了解减少IBD人群中CDI负担的这些风险因素。”(文章详见--Am J Gastroenterol:复发性艰难梭菌感染常见于IBD患者

【5】JAMA:对于艰难梭菌感染——冷冻粪便菌群移植(FMT)不比新鲜FMT效果差

该研究的目的是确定对于复发或难治的CDI患者,冷冻-解冻(冷冻,实验性的)FMT是否不劣于新鲜(标准的)FMT在临床方面的效果,以及评估这两种类型的FMT的安全性。

该随机、双盲、非劣效性试验招募了232例复发性或难治性CDI成人患者,该研究在2012年7月和2014年9月间在加拿大6个学术医疗中心进行。患者被随机分配灌肠法接受冷冻(n=114  )或新鲜(n= 118)的FMT。主要观察指标是在13周时不复发腹泻的临床效果和不良事件。非劣效性界限定在15%。

总共有219名患者(冷冻FMT组n=108,新鲜FMT组n=111)被纳入改良的意向性治疗(mITT)人群中,符合方案人群包括178例患者(冷冻FMT:n=91,新鲜的FMT:n=87)。在符合方案人群中,临床诊断治疗解决的患者为FMT冷冻组83.5%,新鲜FMT组85.1%(差异,-1.6%,[95%Cl,-10.5%至∞];对于非劣效性P=0.01)。在nITT人群中临床诊断治疗解决FMT冷冻组为75.0%,,新鲜FMT组为70.3%(差异,4.7%[95%Cl,-5.2%至∞];非劣效性P<0.001)。在两个治疗组之间的不利或严重不良事件的比例没有差异。

在成人复发性或难治性CDI患者中,与新鲜FMT相比,采用冷冻FMT并没有导致更坏的临床腹泻结果。由于提供冷冻FMT具有潜在优势,其用途在此设置中是一个合理的选择。(文章详见--JAMA:对于艰难梭菌感染——冷冻粪便菌群移植(FMT)不比新鲜FMT效果差

【6】Ann Intern Med:综述:粪便移植疗法治疗艰难梭菌感染

明尼苏达州的研究者系统回顾了粪便移植治疗艰难梭菌感染(Clostridium difficile infection ,CDI)的有效性,不良反应。研究者检索MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、 ClinicalTrials.gov上的文献研究。检索到了粪便移植治疗艰难梭菌感染的2个RCT实验,28个个案系列研究,5个案例报道。

前两类实验共嚢括了516名受试者,这些患者均因为艰难梭菌感染复发发作而采用了粪便移植疗法。这些研究显示很大比例的患者都出现了症状的缓解。然而让研究者稍感遗憾的是,粪便移植之前每个研究中的患者的使用的抗生素情况并不清楚。一项RCT研究显示:粪便移植组的缓解率是81%,万古霉素组仅为31%,万古霉素+肠道灌洗组缓解率为23%,采用粪便移植的患者组和后两组相比,差异均具有统计学意义,P<0.001。

得出结论:粪便移植对于反复发生艰难梭菌感染的患者来说可能有着切实显著的治疗意义,并且从短期观察来看,并无什么特别的不良反应。研究者坦承:对于首次感染艰难梭菌的患者以及顽固性感染的患者,这方面的研究证据还较少。而粪便捐献者的个体差异、移植前准备工作如何、采用哪种粪便移植方式,这三方面对移植疗效的影响程度,也有待于进一步更深入的研究。(文章详见--Ann Intern Med:综述:粪便移植疗法治疗艰难梭菌感染

【7】JAMA:产毒艰难梭菌菌株M3有效预防复发性艰难梭菌感染(CDI)

此次试验的主要成果在于NTCD-M3治疗7天的安全性和耐受性。探索性的次要终点包括通过6周和CDI复发从第1天至6周研究药物NTCD-M3终点粪便定植。
    
168例患者开始治疗中有157例完成了治疗。一种或多种治疗后出现的不良事件的报告为接受NTCD-M3的78%的患者和接受安慰剂的患者86%。(1)出现腹泻或腹痛症状的患者,在接收NTCD-M3的患者中分别为46%和的17%,在安慰剂患者中分别为60%和33%。(2)治疗后出现的严重的不良反应事件报告,在接受安慰剂的患者中为7%,接受NTCD-M3所有患者中为3%。(3)头痛事件发生于接受NTCD-M3的10%的患者和安慰剂的2%的患者。(4)粪便定植患者占69%的NTCD-M3患者:71%为107孢子/ 天,63%的为104孢子/天。(5) CDI复发:在43例接受安慰剂患者中13例(30%)发生,125例接受NTCD-M3患者中14例患者(11%)发生(比值比[OR],0.28;95%Cl,0.11-0.69; P =0.006);最低的复发率为43名患者接受107孢子/ 天疗程为7天组,其中的2例患者(5%)复发(OR,0.1;95%Cl,0.0-0.6; P = 0.01 VS 安慰剂)。在86例被定植中的2例(2%)复发,39例接受NTCD-M3没有被定植的12例(31%)复发(OR,0.01;95%Cl,0.00-0.05; P <0.001) 。
    
在患者CDI临床恢复后服用甲硝唑或万古霉素治疗,口服NTCD-M3孢子的耐受性良好,似乎是安全的。产毒艰难梭菌菌株M3定植胃肠道并显著降低CDI复发率。(文章详见--JAMA:产毒艰难梭菌菌株M3有效预防复发性艰难梭菌感染(CDI)

【8】NEJM:艰难梭菌感染现状和预防措施

《新英格兰医学杂志》上一项研究对美国难辨梭状芽胞杆菌感染负担进行了描述。

Fernanda C.Lessa教授(人畜共患疾病国家控制中心,美国疾病控制和预防中心)和同事们2011年在美国10个不同地理区域进行了以人口和实验室为基础的监测,从而确定难辨梭状芽胞杆菌的感染情况。对于当地1岁以上的居民粪便标本中发现难辨梭状芽胞杆菌的毒素或分子等定义为标本阳性。他们将这些感染病例分类为社区相关性和医院相关性的。在病例的样本中,他们进行标本培养,并对其分子类型进行分离。

利用回归分析模型,研究人员推测出全国整体发病率及总感染人数,第一次复发人数和及确诊30天内死亡人数。在10个不同的国家地理区域中,研究人员总共确诊了15461例难辨梭状芽胞杆菌感染病例,其中有65.8%为医院相关性感染,然而仅有24.2%为住院期间开始出现感染。

研究人员对于难辨梭状芽胞杆菌感染的发病率的预测进行了调整。对于社区相关性的调整包括:年龄、性别、种族及52%的核酸扩增试验;对于医院相关性的调整包括:年龄、住院天数及52%的核酸扩增试验。
通过调整之后,研究人员估计美国感染总人口数为453000(95%可信区间[CI],397100~508500)。研究人员发现发病率较高的人群包括女性(比率比,1.26;95%CI,1.25~1.27),白种人(比率比,1.72;95%CI,1.56~2.0)以及年龄大于65岁的老年人(比率比,8.65;95%CI,8.16~9.31)。

根据研究人员估计,第一次复发的总人数为8300(95%CI,5700~108900)。死亡人数为29300(95%CI,16500~42100)。(文章详见--NEJM:艰难梭菌感染现状和预防措施

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    2016-10-13 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真好,喜欢阅读

    0

  2. 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    2016-10-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,长见识

    0

  3. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:43:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140189, encodeId=4a8a140189db, content=益生菌降低抗生素使用者艰难梭菌感染, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:43:18 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139986, encodeId=a73e1399860c, content=持续关注粪便移植对艰难梭菌治疗的价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139655, encodeId=faf21396559d, content=谢谢分享,继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 19:22:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139624, encodeId=104c1396249c, content=再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 17:11:24 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-05 刘煜

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

  4. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170701/IMG595791009FB761316.jpg, createdBy=abd01695121, createdName=吴教授, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 15:56:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139757, encodeId=f714139e57fb, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=13, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:56 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139756, encodeId=f372139e567f, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139655, encodeId=faf21396559d, content=谢谢分享,继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 19:22:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139624, encodeId=104c1396249c, content=再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 17:11:24 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-04 医路开来

    学习啦,,

    0

  5. 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    2016-10-04 医路开来

    益生菌降低抗生素使用者艰难梭菌感染

    0

  6. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139655, encodeId=faf21396559d, content=谢谢分享,继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 19:22:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139624, encodeId=104c1396249c, content=再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。, beContent=null, 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    2016-10-04 吴教授

    持续关注粪便移植对艰难梭菌治疗的价值。

    0

  7. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:43:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140189, encodeId=4a8a140189db, content=益生菌降低抗生素使用者艰难梭菌感染, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:43:18 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139986, encodeId=a73e1399860c, content=持续关注粪便移植对艰难梭菌治疗的价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170701/IMG595791009FB761316.jpg, createdBy=abd01695121, createdName=吴教授, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 15:56:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139757, encodeId=f714139e57fb, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=13, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:56 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139756, encodeId=f372139e567f, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139655, encodeId=faf21396559d, content=谢谢分享,继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 19:22:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139624, encodeId=104c1396249c, content=再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 17:11:24 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-04 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147744, encodeId=177714e74445, content=文章真好,喜欢阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 14:45:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144325, encodeId=3c6314432564, content=好文章,长见识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:43:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140189, encodeId=4a8a140189db, content=益生菌降低抗生素使用者艰难梭菌感染, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:43:18 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139986, encodeId=a73e1399860c, content=持续关注粪便移植对艰难梭菌治疗的价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170701/IMG595791009FB761316.jpg, createdBy=abd01695121, createdName=吴教授, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 15:56:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139757, encodeId=f714139e57fb, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=13, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:56 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139756, encodeId=f372139e567f, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139655, encodeId=faf21396559d, content=谢谢分享,继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 19:22:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139624, encodeId=104c1396249c, content=再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 17:11:24 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-04 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

  9. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139655, encodeId=faf21396559d, content=谢谢分享,继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 19:22:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139624, encodeId=104c1396249c, content=再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 17:11:24 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-03 半夏微凉

    谢谢分享,继续关注

    0

  10. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147744, encodeId=177714e74445, content=文章真好,喜欢阅读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 14:45:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144325, encodeId=3c6314432564, content=好文章,长见识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 07:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139655, encodeId=faf21396559d, content=谢谢分享,继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 19:22:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139624, encodeId=104c1396249c, content=再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 17:11:24 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-03 Carlos007

    再次暴露于抗生素的艰难梭菌感染(CDI)患者,如果本次是复发性CDI,那么口服万古霉素,可以降低未来复发风险。

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