Lancet:中国器械首创全球很低载药量心脏支架,疗效媲美欧美金标准产品,开启靶向支架时代

2018-09-06 奇点糕 奇点网

一项由10个国家和地区21家机构联合参与的一项大型临床试验成果,刊登在《柳叶刀》上,这项试验证实:中国自主研发的心脏冠脉药物洗脱支架“火鹰”(FIREHAWK),使用了最少的药剂量,因而获得了最高的安全性,而同时在疗效上与国际顶尖的XIENCE支架媲美。

今天,中国自主研发的医疗器械开创了历史。

一项由10个国家和地区21家机构联合参与的一项大型临床试验成果,刊登在《柳叶刀》上,这项试验证实:中国自主研发的心脏冠脉药物洗脱支架“火鹰”(FIREHAWK),使用了最少的药剂量,因而获得了最高的安全性,而同时在疗效上与国际顶尖的XIENCE支架媲美。

这是《柳叶刀》自1823年创刊以来,首次出现中国医疗器械的身影。中国制造,终于走在了世界最前列!

从踏上医学这条路的第一天起,奇点糕就多了一个职能——专门应对亲朋好友各种各样的医疗求助咨询……而奇点糕被最频繁问到的问题之一,就是:“为啥医生要让我们用贵得多的进口货?国产的不行吗?”

当年还是菜鸟一只的奇点糕,其实也有过这样的疑惑,但这真不是医生们有意“崇洋媚外”……说一次亲身经历吧:手术用的进口可吸收缝线恰好用完了,只能换用国产的,教授刚缝了两针,就破口大骂:“这什么玩意儿,硬梆梆的连点儿延展性都没有,让我拿钢筋缝合吗?”

工欲善其事,必先利其器啊,相信医生们肯定也希望国货能争口气,不是吗?

今天《柳叶刀》上的这篇论文,就是期待已久的一发“争气弹”!

小支架上学问可不小,凝结了无数的智慧和技术

自从1977年被发明以来,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)挽救了无数的冠心病患者,就算是完全的医学门外汉,大概也听说过“放支架”三个字。现在,每年美国开展的PCI手术已经超过100万例,数量排在所有手术的第二位。

经过这么多年的发展,PCI手术使用的支架,也早就经历了好几次进化。

金属支架?Out啦,现在挑大梁的是药物洗脱支架,与传统的金属支架相比,药物洗脱支架上搭载的药物,可以有效抑制血管平滑肌细胞的再生,从而降低血管再次阻塞和并发症的风险。

虽然也经历过发展的阵痛和争议,甚至被蔑称为“要命的支架”,但药物洗脱支架在预防支架栓塞、防止术后再狭窄上的效果,那是实打实的。工欲善其事,必先利其器,有了好支架,才能进一步改善冠心病患者的预后啊。


这一张图,基本就能看尽支架的发展史了

新支架虽好,却不是人人用得起的,尤其是中国市场曾经一度被高价的进口品牌垄断。即使近些年来,国产药物支架的市场份额,已经超过了半壁江山,但不少病人出于对国产货根深蒂固的不信任感,也往往会要求医生使用价格贵上数倍的进口货。

怎么赢得信任?最好的方法,就是拿过硬的临床数据说话。

而在这次登上《柳叶刀》的临床试验中,担当主角的冠脉支架“火鹰”,是由上海微创医疗开发的,它已经获得了欧盟相关部门的批准。但本次试验的设计,可以说比在国内开展的试验还要大胆。

研究者们将拿“火鹰”,直接对标目前药物洗脱支架的“龙头老大”XIENCE支架,跟Boss开战!而且,受试者入组的标准也相当宽,这是一次全人群(All Comers)性质的试验,只要符合PCI术的适应症,基本就可以入组。

用试验首席研究者,爱尔兰国立戈尔韦大学教授Williams Wijns的话说,“任何医疗器械在发展成熟之前,是不会冒风险进行All Comers性质试验的,而本次的试验对象,还是现实世界中最复杂的患者群体。”

比起临床试验的严格控制,真实世界中患者的情况往往更加复杂

这项名为TARGET ALL Comers的试验于2015年在欧洲启动,研究团队在十个国家的21个医学中心招募到1653名患者,按1:1的比例分别用“火鹰”支架和XIENCE支架进行PCI治疗,96%的患者此后完成了一年的随访,数据被列入分析当中。

试验的主要终点设定为手术后12个月内的靶病变失败率(Target lesion failure),也就是再次出现心肌梗死、缺血导致的需要再次靶病变血运重建、心源性死亡三种情况。作为一项非劣性试验,只要“火鹰”支架在失败率上与XIENCE支架相差3.5%以内,就算成功。

这只火鹰,能够飞得多高飞得多远呢?

在为期一年的随访后,“火鹰”组的758名患者靶病变失败率是6.1%,而XIENCE组则为5.9%,研究的主要终点可以说超预期实现了!

在患者心源性死亡率、支架导致的血栓形成等安全性指标上,两组患者也基本相当,而在缺血导致的需要再次靶病变重建上,“火鹰”组的发生率只有Xience组的一半(1.2%对2.4%),这意味着需要再次做介入的风险锐减!

“火鹰”有哪些独到之处,让它能够跻身世界最前列呢?


这是放大了不知道多少倍的支架加工流程~

与现有的药物洗脱支架相比,“火鹰”的药物搭载量是最低的,还不到其它支架的1/3,但这可不是偷工减料,而是研发团队大胆创新的结果。降低载药量,主要是为了减少PCI术后抗血小板药物的使用时间,从而减轻患者的负担。

为了实现低载药量,设计者决定只在支架的有效面上载药,为此他们首先以激光刻槽,将药物精准点灌到槽中,再将药物严密包裹,从而提高药物的释放效果,因此,“火鹰”也被称为“靶向药物支架”(Target Eluting Stent)。


包裹药物,大概就是这么一回事啦

这个流程说来简单,实际操作却一点儿都不简单,因为“火鹰”支架的厚度只有86微米!想象一下在头发丝上做雕刻的感觉,基本就是“火鹰”的制造难度了……而且这种雕刻的精度还要求极高,用设计者的话说,“航天级精度”。

牛设计、强工艺、高质量,没有这三板斧,还真没法拉出来和世界顶级产品过招。在今年5月份的欧洲心血管介入会议(EuroPCR)初步公布试验结果时,参与研究的伦敦玛丽女王大学教授Andreas Baumbach就表示:“这款支架有着成为业内经典产品,应用于日常诊疗的一切出色特征。”


各种技术革新,都是为了精准给药~

研究团队在论文中表示,衡量一种冠脉支架是否能够有明确的临床获益和良好的安全性,需要对患者开展5年的长期随访才能下定论,尤其是能否实现缩短双抗时间的目标,还需要后续试验的验证。

不过,在第一次患者状况复杂的欧洲临床试验中就取得成功,确实让人对“火鹰”的未来相当期待。“火鹰”取得这样的成绩,意义可绝不简单。有了自己的东西才不会受制于人,才有谈判的底气,这一幕已经在其它领域无数次上演过了,不是吗?

有实力,才有让人相信“中国制造”的底气

奇点糕希望,有一天能不再看到医疗领域的“国界偏见”,不管是药物还是器械,疗效和质量才是硬道理啊,“中国制造”,加油!

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    2018-11-18 howi
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    2018-09-06 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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    2018-09-06 flysky120

    希望中国医学越来越好

    0

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    2018-09-06 lietome2

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。

    0

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