盘点:从代谢组学鉴定疾病的生物标志物

2017-10-29 MedSci MedSci原创

生命的代谢是一个永不停息的过程。任何疾病的发生和发展都会影响人体代谢,从而导致体液中代谢物质发生显著变化。通过比较机体生理与疾病状态,同一疾病的不同分型、分期的代谢物差异,将能找到与疾病诊断与分型相关的一组Biomarker,用于疾病的诊断与分型。代谢组学方法可通过标准制备的血清、血浆、尿等生物样本可实现高通量小分子物质的检测,这些小分子中许多已经被认为是疾病的危险因子。这里梅斯小编整理了近期

生命的代谢是一个永不停息的过程。任何疾病的发生和发展都会影响人体代谢,从而导致体液中代谢物质发生显著变化。通过比较机体生理与疾病状态,同一疾病的不同分型、分期的代谢物差异,将能找到与疾病诊断与分型相关的一组Biomarker,用于疾病的诊断与分型。代谢组学方法可通过标准制备的血清、血浆、尿等生物样本可实现高通量小分子物质的检测,这些小分子中许多已经被认为是疾病的危险因子。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于代谢组学的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。

【1】代谢组学在心血管疾病风险预测上的运用

近日,JAHA上发表了一篇旨在综合评估代谢组学与心血管疾病发生关系的荟萃分析。本研究搜索了截至2016年1月MEDLINE和EMBASE数据库的相关文献,共纳入分析了12个原始临床研究(包括9个队列和3个巢氏病例对照研究),质谱分析法是主要的研究方法,代谢产物多样性的异质性很高,从31到>10000。结果显示,与心血管疾病风险相关联的代谢物有:酰基肉碱、多种氨基酸和脂肪酸。通过这些代谢物,可以提高传统的心血管疾病风险预测效果。表明目前研究代谢组学与心血管疾病风险的临床研究数量有限,虽然有些代谢产物可以提高预测效果,但仍需更全面标准化的临床研究进一步证实。

【2】顽固性高血压患者的代谢组学研究

目前,对顽固性高血压的相关发病机制知之甚少。近期,一项发表在杂志Hypertension上的研究旨在确定尿液中的代谢改变。此外,还研究了代谢物预测螺内酯反应的潜在能力。研究者们从29例RH患者和13例假性RH患者中收集尿液。在螺内酯给药前后分别收集样品,并将受试者分类为应答者和无应答者。结果表明,柠檬酸循环和活性氧物质平衡控制的失调在高血压发展后继续保持活化。代谢组研究显示在螺内酯治疗前已经发生改变,并预测了患者未来的反应。这些分子标志物将有助于优化螺内酯对RH患者的治疗。

【3】COPD患者代谢组学分析确定了性别相关的代谢类型和氧化应激


慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种异质性疾病,是世界范围内死亡和发病的主要原因。近日,Eur Respir J上发表了一篇研究文章探讨了COPD患者循环代谢谱的性别依赖性。研究人员收集了斯卡COSMIC队列中健康不吸烟者(健康者)、肺功能正常的吸烟者(吸烟者)和COPD吸烟者(COPD;慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议的阶段I-II/A-B)的血清,并采用常规液相色谱-高分辨质谱的代谢组学平台进行分析。通路分析表明多种改变的代谢产物参与氧化应激。强调了氧化应激在COPD患者中的作用,提示性别增加了氧化应激失调,并可能通过自分泌运动因子-lysoPA轴,与疾病的机制和/或患病相关。

【4】母体BMI和血糖影响胎儿的代谢组学

近期,一项发表在杂志Diabetes Care上的研究使用目标代谢组学来确定母体BMI和葡萄糖水平与脐带血代谢物以及脐带血代谢物与新生儿出生体重和母亲后代胎儿肥胖的关系。此项研究对来自欧洲血统、非洲裔加勒比海、泰国和墨西哥裔美国的新生儿(每个祖谱系的400名),其母亲参加高血糖和不良妊娠结局(HAPO)的研究,脐血样本进行靶向代谢组学测定。结果表明,产妇BMI和血糖与新生儿代谢组学的不同组成部分相关,与其对出生时新生儿大小的独立影响相一致。母体BMI与成年人胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病风险的新生代谢特征相关。

【5】血浆代谢组学对H1N1流感肺炎的诊断和预后如何

近日,Critical Care上发表了一篇研究文章评估了代谢组学是否可以作为一个潜在的H1N1肺炎诊断和预后工具。研究人员的假设是,代谢组学可能被用来作为H1N1流感肺炎的早期诊断和预后。研究人员采用核磁共振光谱和气相色谱-质谱法测定了42例甲型H1N1流感肺炎、31例在ICU内进行机械通气的对照者和30名在入院时为诊断疾病而抽取血浆样本培养阳性的细菌性社区获得性肺炎患者的代谢组学。结果表明,H1N1肺炎可以产生一个相当不同的血浆代谢谱,并且使其在病程早期基于入院24小时内的血浆样本,将其从细菌培养阳性肺炎和ICU中机械通气的对照者中进行区分出来。

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