为什么要精准预防遗传性肿瘤?几大数据告诉你

2017-06-22 杭璐 首度基因

在癌症的治疗中,作为临床医生,除了根据病人的发病部位和癌症进程尽可能选择适合的手术、放化疗等方法之外,我们还能做些什么?如果想要从宏观上整体推进癌症的治愈,我们还需要了解怎样的防治理念?

在癌症的治疗中,作为临床医生,除了根据病人的发病部位和癌症进程尽可能选择适合的手术、放化疗等方法之外,我们还能做些什么?如果想要从宏观上整体推进癌症的治愈,我们还需要了解怎样的防治理念?

众所周知,癌症是一类由肿瘤相关基因突变而发展出的疾病。那么癌症是否会像遗传性耳聋、血友病、进行性肌营养不良等单基因遗传病一样,具有遗传性呢?答案是肯定的。如果导致肿瘤发生的变异是生殖细胞层面的,那么这一变异很可能传递给下一代。

同理,如果能够从癌症患者身上检出其基因突变是否具有遗传性,便可以明确其家族亲属的肿瘤易感风险,从而使他们能够提早调整生活方式、定期监控、针对性地进行深度体检,实现科学预防。所以从遗传性的基因角度考虑癌症的精准预防与治疗,是亟待普及的思路。


目前研究得知,在所有的肿瘤中,有 90%~95% 是由基因突变与环境共同作用而引发的,是属于「后天获得」的。而有 5%~10% 的肿瘤是由遗传性的基因突变引起的,也就是说这部分人天生就有较高的肿瘤发病风险。某家基因检测机构的全基因检测服务面向所有类型的消费者,在这些样本中,携带遗传性肿瘤基因变异的比例已经高达 16.7%!如果可以重视这部分信息,那么肿瘤的防治工作一定会有新的进展。


恶性肿瘤中,结直肠癌乳腺癌卵巢癌等癌症,有较高的比例会呈现出家族性的患病特征。统计表明,约 5~10% 的乳腺癌患者和约 10~15% 的卵巢癌患者属于遗传性或家族性患病。BRCA1、BRCA2 基因突变的携带者一生患乳腺癌的几率最高达到 80% 和 45%,患卵巢癌的几率分别为 54% 和 11%。

遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌(HNPCC,又称林奇综合征),是常见的遗传性结直肠癌易感综合征。HNPCC 主要是由错配修复基因 MLH1、MSH2、MSH6 和 PMS2 的生殖细胞突变导致。虽然晚期恶性肿瘤是难以治愈的,但是肿瘤确实可预防,了解基因信息是关键的一步。


WHO 明确提出:早发现、早诊断、早治疗是提高癌症治疗率的关键。在发达国家,基因检测已经越来越普及地运用在肿瘤防治中。在我们国家,精准预防的观念也已经上路。通过精准预防从源头上减少恶性肿瘤的发病率,这也是我们每个人希望看到的局面。

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    2017-06-24 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-06-23 往日如昨

    继续学习中谢谢

    0

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    2017-06-23 152****8376

    谢谢分享受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-06-23 honghongwuwu

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-06-22 FrankL

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2017-06-22 中医痴

    不错的,学习了,谢谢分享!

    0

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