有时改善心梗、有时改善心衰、总是降低血糖

2016-08-07 佚名 美中药源

【新闻事件】:这一周的JAMA发表了一篇诺和诺德GLP-1激动剂利拉鲁肽注射液在心衰患者的临床试验结果。这个300人的随机、对照、双盲二期临床试验比较1.8毫克利拉鲁肽和安慰剂对左心室射血减弱急性心衰患者病情的帮助,一级终点是住院后生存时间、再住院间隔、和6个月氮末端B型脑钠肽前体变化的复合终点。结果无论患者是否有糖尿病,利拉鲁肽未能显示任何疗效(包括二级终点的生活质量、6分钟走)。对于严重心衰的

【新闻事件】:这一周的JAMA发表了一篇诺和诺德GLP-1激动剂利拉鲁肽注射液在心衰患者的临床试验结果。这个300人的随机、对照、双盲二期临床试验比较1.8毫克利拉鲁肽和安慰剂对左心室射血减弱急性心衰患者病情的帮助,一级终点是住院后生存时间、再住院间隔、和6个月氮末端B型脑钠肽前体变化的复合终点。结果无论患者是否有糖尿病,利拉鲁肽未能显示任何疗效(包括二级终点的生活质量、6分钟走)。对于严重心衰的糖尿病病人,使用利拉鲁肽还似乎恶化心衰病情和肾功能,虽然没有达到统计显著。文章作者说如果糖尿病人有严重心衰应该考虑其它降糖药。

【药源解析】:利拉鲁肽是第二个显示心血管收益的降糖药。在有9000多人参与的LEADER试验中,利拉鲁肽降低13%心梗、中风、全因死亡相对风险,降低22%心血管死亡率。第一个显示心血管收益的降糖药是SGLT2抑制剂Jardiance,但在7000多人的EMPA-REG试验中Jardiance只降低了35%心衰住院率,但对心梗、中风无影响。今天这个试验虽然只有300人,时间也只有半年,但似乎比较明确证明利拉鲁肽对心衰没有较大帮助。利拉鲁肽有肾功能副作用信号,而Jardiance显示改善肾功能。

心血管疾病是高血糖的主要风险,这令高血糖本身也成了一个疾病(糖尿病)。但同样是降糖药为何有的改善心梗、有的改善心衰,而大多数没有任何收益呢?我们可能过分估计了血糖的重要性。虽然糖尿病根据定义都血糖高,但高血糖本身未必是风险因素。如果血糖本身不是病,那么糖尿病的定义也就模糊了。是否前糖尿病也同样适合药物干预?今天辉瑞前研发总监LaMattina在福布斯撰文反对有人认为前糖尿病是制药公司为了卖药发明的疾病。有可能代谢综合症是更有指导意义的疾病诊断,降低血糖本身收益有限。有收益也是通过其它未知机理,所以只能靠运气。

前几天默沙东科学家提出的新药研发四大纪律第一条就是靶点的人体因果关系。而血糖和心血管事件只有关联关系,并无因果关系的强有力证据。少数这类研究显示血糖本身并非毒性来源。比如JAMA 2014年的一篇文章研究葡萄糖激酶(GCK)基因变异人群。虽然这些人终生轻度高血糖,但他们得代谢综合症的几率和普通人差不多,微循环风险、肾损伤、尿蛋白、心血管病变也和健康对照无显著区分。如果我们遵守人体因果关系原则,降糖似乎不应该成为主要目标。

利拉鲁肽和Jardiance改善心血管事件的机理可能需要很长时间才能彻底搞清楚,但是十几类降糖药对心血管事件完全不同的影响(多数没影响,少数有负面影响如罗格列酮,少数有积极影响)表明靠歪打正着控制高血糖的心血管风险是个效率低下的投资方式。高血糖可能只是心血管疾病的一个旁观者,真正的元凶有待未来的科学研究发现。

相关会议推荐
2016天然药物研讨会:http://www.bioon.com/z/2016natural-products/Index.shtml

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1818688, encodeId=711618186888d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4119981338a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降低血糖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98133, encryptionId=4119981338a, topicName=降低血糖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sun Aug 14 01:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105122, encodeId=c95f1051221b, content=涨知识了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Fri Aug 26 21:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100993, encodeId=7dd4100993c2, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Fri Aug 19 15:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97318, encodeId=06789e318e9, content=一直以来都认为血糖血压血脂是冠心病的三大高危因素,就此看来血糖就像是九大行星中的冥王星了,真的是这样吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160814/IMG57B04B04A03228221.jpg, createdBy=622a1684503, createdName=蜗小牛的天空, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 17:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=96832, encodeId=3ac896832ee, content=医学是一个很有前景的领域,希望我们可以有更多的新发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160814/IMG57B04B04A03228221.jpg, createdBy=622a1684503, createdName=蜗小牛的天空, createdTime=Sun Aug 07 23:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=96796, encodeId=4dea96e9654, content=好神奇!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Aug 07 21:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-26 1771ae4158m

    涨知识了

    0

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    2016-08-19 136****0753赵

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-08-10 蜗小牛的天空

    一直以来都认为血糖血压血脂是冠心病的三大高危因素,就此看来血糖就像是九大行星中的冥王星了,真的是这样吗?

    0

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    2016-08-07 蜗小牛的天空

    医学是一个很有前景的领域,希望我们可以有更多的新发现

    0

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    2016-08-07 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    好神奇!

    0

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